Celtic art in Pagan and Christian timesAllen, J. Romilly (John Romilly)
Philosophy
Celtic art in Pagan and Christian times
Allen, J. Romilly (John Romilly)
Art, Celtic
Two Early Iron Age burials are recorded as having been discovered in
Staffordshire, one at Alstonfield, the other at Barlaston. The barrow
near Alstonfield, called Steep Lowe,[120] was composed of loose stones,
and was 50 feet in diameter, and 15 feet high. The Iron Age interment
was a secondary one, the tumulus having been made originally in the
Bronze or Stone Age. The body was laid on its back; and amongst the
grave-goods were a spear-head, a lance-head, and a knife (all of iron),
some fragments of a highly ornamented drinking-cup, a stud of amber,
and Roman coins of Constantine and Tetricus.
The burial at Barlaston,[121] unlike the one just described, was not
in a mound, but in a grave, 7 feet long by 2 feet wide, by 1 foot 3
inches deep, cut in the solid red sandstone rock. With the body were
associated a beautifully ornamented flat bronze ring of Late-Celtic
character; three circular, enamelled discs of the type found in the
barrow on Middleton Moor; some fragments of a bronze bowl, which Mr.
Ll. Jewitt erroneously conjectured to have formed portions of a helmet;
and blades of an iron sword and knife.
[119] _Ten Years’ Diggings_, p. 28.
[120] Bateman’s _Vestiges of the Antiquities of Derbyshire_, p. 76.
[121] Ll. Jewitt’s _Grave-Mounds and their Contents_, p. 258; and
_Archæologia_, vol. lvi., p. 44.
[Illustration: BRONZE MIRROR FROM BIRDLIP, GLOUCESTERSHIRE; NOW IN THE
GLOUCESTER MUSEUM
_R. W. Dugdale photo._]
No discovery of sepulchral remains belonging to the Late-Celtic
period surpasses in interest that made in 1879, between Birdlip[122]
and Crickley, on the Cotteswold Hills, seven miles south-east of
Gloucester, both on account of the completeness of the series of
objects buried with the deceased, and the extreme beauty of some of
them as works of art.
Whilst repairing the road, Joseph Barnfield unearthed three skeletons
interred with the feet to the south, in graves protected by thin slabs
of stone placed on edge. The central skeleton was that of a female, and
those on each side males. The following grave-goods were associated
with the female: a bronze bowl (laid on the face of the deceased); a
silver fibula plated with gold; a necklace consisting of thirteen amber
beads, two jet beads, and one marble bead; a tubular brass armlet; a
brass key-handle; a bronze knife-handle ornamented with a beast’s head,
having small knobs at the ends of the horns; and last, but not least, a
superb bronze mirror.
Another very similar find of skeletons in graves formed of stones
placed on edge was made in 1833 at Trelan Bahow,[123] in the parish of
St. Keverne, in Cornwall, ten miles south-east of Helston. With one
of the skeletons was a beautiful bronze mirror, now in the British
Museum.[122] See John Bellows, in _Trans. of Bristol and Gloucestershire
Archæol. Soc._, vol. v., p. 137. The objects found are now in the
Gloucester Museum.
[123] See J. Jope Rodgers in _Archæol. Journ._, vol. xxx., p. 267.
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