Central-Station Electric Lighting: With Notes on the Methods Used for the Distribution of ElectricityHedges, Killingworth
History
Central-Station Electric Lighting: With Notes on the Methods Used for the Distribution of Electricity
Hedges, Killingworth
Electric light plants -- Europe
The company lends meters for 50, 100, and 150 lamps, at an annual
rent of 4_s._ 10_d._, 7_s._ 3_d._, and 9_s._ 7_d._ respectively, and
replaces, without charge to the consumer, any lamp the filament of
which has broken, but it does not replace lamps where the glass is
broken. For arc lamps requiring 9 to 10 ampères, an annual rent of £2
must be paid for the lamp itself, and a charge of a little over ½_d._
per hour for every ampère-hour. The carbons are charged for at 1_d._
per pair, lasting for about seven hours. Now that the installation has
been in use for several years, and that the company has arrived at a
very accurate estimate of the time during which an average consumer
requires the light—about one thousand six hundred lamp-hours per
annum—it proposes to simplify the method of charging large consumers,
by omitting the initial charge of each lamp, and, instead, to charge
0·6_d._ for each 16-candle lamp-hour.
The Edison meters are based on the electrolytic action of a small
fraction of the current which passes through the meter. They are cells,
with rectangular zinc plates immersed in a solution of sulphate of zinc
of 1·054 density, the distance between the plates being a little over ¼
inch. The proportion of the current which passes through the meter to
that which passes directly into the consumer’s house is 1 to 973. The
resistance of the shunt circuit is 9·75 ohms, made up as follows: cell,
1·75 ohm; metallic portion, 8 ohms. The resistance of the metallic
portion rises with the temperature, whereas that of the cells falls
with a rising temperature; and in this manner the small variations of
resistance which might take place in the cell are counter-balanced
by the equally small variations in the resistance of the metallic
portion. A complete meter consists of two similar-sized cells of the
same resistance, placed in series. The object of employing two cells
is, that when little current is passing, as in the summer months, one
cell alone is used, and when the consumption is sufficiently large both
cells are employed, and the mean between the two indications is taken
as the basis for calculation in number of ampère-hours. The quantity of
electricity passed through the cell is calculated by the loss of weight
which has taken place in the positive plate. An employé of the society
visits every meter monthly, taking away the old cells and substituting
others freshly constructed. A book is kept in which the weights of the
new plates and those of the returned plates are entered, and on the
basis of these entries the accounts are made up. The largest plates are
those in the 100-light meter, and are intended for a maximum current
of 75 ampères in the main circuit; they are 6 inches long by 2 inches
wide. In cases where a larger amount of current is taken, the capacity
of the 100-light meter is increased by joining two or more copper
strips across the terminals of the cells. The weak point of the system
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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