Central-Station Electric Lighting: With Notes on the Methods Used for the Distribution of ElectricityHedges, Killingworth
History
Central-Station Electric Lighting: With Notes on the Methods Used for the Distribution of Electricity
Hedges, Killingworth
Electric light plants -- Europe
is the removal of the cells, which leaves the adjustment of the account
to be paid entirely in the hands of the Electric-Light Company; in
spite of this drawback, it is stated that there has not been a single
complaint from consumers during the four years in which the meter
system has been in use.
_Discovery of Faults._
It is evident that in so extensive a system of lighting a short circuit
now and then between the lamp wires and the earth cannot altogether be
avoided. Many of the lamps have been fitted to existing gas fittings,
and are beyond the daily supervision of the company’s officers; the
faulty place is often not easily accessible, so the first step taken is
to discover on which of the two circuits the trouble has occurred. This
is done at the station by joining two 16-candle lamps in series across
the main conductors and the point of junction between the two lamps is
connected to earth by a stout wire. As long as both circuits (positive
and negative) are perfectly insulated from earth no current flows
through this middle wire, and both lamps remain hardly incandescent;
but, if one of the circuits should be in connection with the earth, the
lamp which is joined on the other circuit will brighten up, because the
potential of the middle wire and that of the faulty circuit are both
zero, and consequently the lamp between the middle wire and the sound
circuit receives the full pressure of 110 volts. To localise the fault,
contact is made between the earth and the sound circuit by means of a
fusible plug of known melting point, say for a thirty-lamp supply. If
the fault is on a portion of the external circuit, supplying less than
thirty lamps, its fusible plug will melt as soon as the sound main is
put to earth. If, however, the fault is on a portion supplying more
than thirty lamps, the fusible plug which has been inserted at the
station between the sound main and the earth will melt instead. A
series of fusible plugs are thus tried, increasing in melting capacity
until one is found that does not go: in this case, the other plug on
the faulty portion has melted, and the consumer’s lamps on that branch
are extinguished; the position of the fault is thus localised, and
the company proceed to remedy the defect without interfering in the
slightest degree with the rest of their system.
THE ELECTRIC LIGHTING OF BERLIN.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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