Ceremonies of the Pomo IndiansBarrett, S. A. (Samuel Alfred)
Religion
Ceremonies of the Pomo Indians
Barrett, S. A. (Samuel Alfred)
Pomo Indians -- Social life and customs; Pomo dance
In the midst of the ordinary dances there comes rushing upon the
scene an ugly apparition in the shape of a man, wearing a feather
mantle on his back reaching from the armpits down to the mid-thighs,
zebra-painted on his breast and legs with black stripes, bearskin
shako on his head, and his arms stretched out at full length along a
staff passing behind his neck. Accoutered in this harlequin rig, he
dashes at the squaws, capering, dancing, whooping; and they and the
children flee for life, keeping several hundred yards between him and
themselves. If they are so unfortunate as to touch even his stick, all
their children will perish out of hand.
THE GHOST CEREMONY PROPER
The dancers were of two classes, the ordinary ghost-dancers, or
"devils," called xahluigak (E), and the "ash-devils," or fire-eaters,
called nō xahlūigak (E). The former danced almost exclusively
during the day, and the latter at night, though these regulations were
not quite absolute. The ash-devils were always present at the ghost
ceremony and during the ghost dance proper they served, in a way, as
sergeants-at-arms and as clowns.
According to some informants, a new dance-house was especially built
for each ghost ceremony. Other informants did not particularly mention
this fact and it seems probable that in more recent times, after the
ceremonial procedure of the Pomo had become somewhat lax, this rule was
not observed, and the same dance-house may have been used for more than
one ghost ceremony, and for other ceremonies as well.
In this ceremony the dancers impersonated the spirits of the dead, as
is indicated by the speech of the chief devil-dancer made just before
disrobing.[10] The dance is said to have had its origin in mythical
times when the birds and mammals had human attributes. The Pomo account
is as follows:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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