Ceremonies of the Pomo IndiansBarrett, S. A. (Samuel Alfred)
Religion
Ceremonies of the Pomo Indians
Barrett, S. A. (Samuel Alfred)
Pomo Indians -- Social life and customs; Pomo dance
Hawk, the captain of a village, was killed by Vulture. After being
absent from the village for some time Hawk suddenly returned, came
into the dance-house, and sat down in front of the center pole, at its
foot. A ceremony was about to begin, and the people noticed nothing
out of the ordinary about Hawk and were perfectly willing to allow him
to participate in the dancing. Meadowlark, however, noticed an odor
about Hawk which showed that he had just returned from the realm of
the dead. With his characteristic garrulity, he commenced to chatter
about the improprieties of mortals dancing with dead people. Hawk was
a chief and one of an important family and felt especially offended
at these reflections upon him and left at once, never again returning
to the village. According to one version of the myth, Meadowlark had,
in those days, a long tail like most other birds. His action upon
this occasion, however, so enraged the other members of the village
that some one struck at him with a fire poker which happened to be
near at hand. Meadowlark was able to dodge the blow, but the poker
clipped off a large part of his tail. He has, therefore, had only a
stub of a tail since that day. The people then fell to discussing what
could be done to atone in some way for this insult to Hawk. A number
of men immediately went out into the woods and dressed themselves as
the devil-dancers now do, returning to the village to personate the
spirits of the departed. From this mythical source has descended the
present-day ghost or devil ceremony.
The ceremony was directly under the supervision of the chief
"gū´ksū doctor," and it was he who safeguarded the ghost-dance
paraphernalia during the long interval between ceremonies. The
ghost-dancers and the ash-devils were actually assisted in dressing by
the gū´ksū doctors.
The dress of the ghost-dancer proper was quite elaborate. Each
ghost-dancer repaired to some secluded place in the woods or brush,
preferably back in the hills about the village, where he dressed.
This going into seclusion to dress is called tsūma´kabek in the
Eastern Pomo dialect. He first rubbed his body with chewed angelica
root, at the same time making a prayer for long life, good health,
and prosperity for himself, his fellow dancers, and the people of the
village. He also made a prayer to a certain supernatural being[11] to
lend him a striped skin. He next painted his body with white, red, and
black paints. A man might paint his body entirely one color. The upper
half of the body might be of one color, while the lower half was of
another. The same difference in color might obtain between the right
and the left sides, and bands and stripes might also be freely used.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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