Ceremonies of the Pomo IndiansBarrett, S. A. (Samuel Alfred)
Religion
Ceremonies of the Pomo Indians
Barrett, S. A. (Samuel Alfred)
Pomo Indians -- Social life and customs; Pomo dance
Before finally finishing the painting of the face and arms, however,
the remainder of the attire was put on. This included, for the head,
(1) a head-net with which to confine the hair; (2) a down-filled
head-net; (3) a feather tuft on top of the head; (4) a yellow-hammer
quill forehead-band fastened at the top of the forehead, passing back
through the parted feather-tuft and hanging down the back; and (5) a
fillet of pepperwood leaves. The remainder of the costume consisted
of a short girdle of pepperwood branches worn about the waist and, if
desired, a similar adornment about the neck.
The ash-devils, or fire-eaters, dressed more simply. According to some
informants, they were entirely nude except for a coat of blue paint.
According to others, their attire was somewhat more elaborate. The face
was painted red, black, or white, two colors never being used together.
The legs were painted white, then scratched with the fingernails so as
to remove some of the paint and produce longitudinal stripes. The hair
was bound up with the usual head-net into which a single black feather
was inserted,[12] or a feather tuft was attached to it. As a screen
or mask before the face, the dancer also wore a fringe of green twigs
further to disguise his identity. Otherwise he was completely naked.
When everything was in readiness in the village, the head captain sent
out a messenger to notify the dancers. When the latter were ready to
enter the village, a small fire was built in the hills to give notice
of the fact. They made their first entry just about daybreak on the
first day. A crier, who was always one of the captains or a fire-tender
detailed to this duty, took his position on the roof of the dance-house
just below the smoke-hole, where he gave the ghost call "yē ..."
four times. At once answering calls were heard from the ghost-dancers
in their several locations, for they had scattered to a number of
different places, each man by himself, or in groups of not more than
two or three individuals. The ghost response was a loud "waū wa´i,"
repeated four times. If the ghost-dancers were sufficiently close
together, this was given by their leader only. The crier continued his
calling until one or more of the dancers appeared on the outskirts of
the village. They came running in,[13] each carrying in his hands two
bunches of grass or twigs a foot or so in length,[14] behind which he
at times pretended to hide. Each suddenly stopped as he came in sight
of the dance-house and stood for a moment with outstretched arms.
Thereupon the crier shouted, "ō, ō, ō, ō," after which he delivered an
invocation to the ghost-dancers, asking them to come running into the
village bringing health and happiness to the people. This invocation
was as follows:
napō´ | pūtsa´l | gīwa´lē
village | healthy | run to
ma´yawala | kale pūtsa´l | gīwa´lē
girls | healthy | run to
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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