Per cent. Lombroso 9 Kurella 8·2 (of 218 cases) 3. Abnormal width of frontal sinuses— Criminals 13 (of 252 cases) Skulls provided with “students’ sets” 4 4. Strongly developed superciliary ridges— Lombroso: Skulls provided with “students’ sets” 7 Criminal skulls (out of 253) 13 Kurella: Living workmen 7 Living criminals 16 Italian murderers 41·7 5. High (internal) frontal crest. The mean height of the frontal crest is normally 3·8 mm.; in criminals the mean height is 5·4 mm. In 25 per cent. of criminals it exceeds 7 mm., and in 35 per cent. of these latter it is associated with the presence of an internal occipital fossa. (_c_) _Marked Development of the Antagonism between Brain Development on the one hand, and Development of the Facial Portion of the Skull on the other, the latter predominating._ 1. Strongly developed temporal crest, nearer than usual to the sagittal suture. Distance between the two temporal crests, measured across the sagittal suture— Mm. Gorilla 0·10 Eskimo 80 Skulls provided with “students’ sets” 125 Skulls of murderers 70 2. Torus occipitalis— Per cent. Criminals (Lombroso’s results) 31·7 Murderers (Lombroso’s results) 75 3. Eurygnathism—_i.e._, abnormal breadth of the face at the level of the zygoma. This is a common characteristic in the oldest human remains (skulls from Gibraltar, Cro-Magnon, and Furfooz), and in the lower races of to-day (the circumpolar tribes). Per cent. Convicts sentenced for robbery with murder 37 In 1,567 criminal heads 18 4. Excessive height of the upper jaw.