Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature, Science, and Art, Fifth Series, No. 9, Vol. I, March 1, 1884Various
General
Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature, Science, and Art, Fifth Series, No. 9, Vol. I, March 1, 1884
Various
Periodicals
The power of the arc-light is something unrivalled by any other light,
whether of limelight or magnesium. At the famous Crystal Palace
Electrical Exhibition, an arc reputed to be one hundred and fifty
thousand candles in power was lighted every evening. The carbons
were stout copper-plated bars nearly two and a half inches thick.
This intensity of illumination renders the arc eminently adapted for
lighthouses and search-lights. Hence it is that the French government
have decided to light forty of their coast lighthouses by electricity,
and that most of our warships and military trains are now equipped
with electric lamps for searching purposes. We read that the fleet at
Alexandria explored the Egyptian forts by night with powerful arcs; and
that the French Admiral at Madagascar struck terror into the breasts of
the simple Hovas by a similar display.
For scouring the sea in search of torpedo-boats by night, or icebergs
and other ships during a fog, the value of the arc-light cannot be
too highly estimated. The screw-steamer _Faraday_, while engaged some
time ago in laying a new Atlantic cable, would have run right into an
iceberg in a Newfoundland fog, but for the electric beam projected
from her bows into the misty air ahead. Fog, however, has a peculiarly
strong quenching power over the arc-light, owing to the preference it
has for absorbing all the blue rays, and to the comparative poverty of
the orange colour. Hence it is that electric arc-lamps look so white
and dim in a dense fog. A single gas-jet can be seen about as far as a
two-thousand-candle arc-lamp. This is because the gas-jet is rich in
those red rays which penetrate a fog without being absorbed; whereas it
is poor in the blue rays which are quenched. For this reason, also, the
incandescence lamp is preferable to the arc for a misty atmosphere.
The incandescence lamp can also burn under water, and owing to its
pretty shape, its pure light, its cleanliness, and independence of
everything except wires to bring the current to it, is highly suitable
for decorative purposes. It particularly lends itself to ornamental
devices of a floral order; and a great variety of chandeliers and
brackets have now been designed representing various plants with leaves
of brass or filagree, and flowers composed of tinted crystal cups
containing the lamps. Fruit is also simulated by lamps of coloured
glass. For example, at a Drury Lane Christmas pantomime, both holly and
mistletoe berries were imitated by incandescence lamps of crimson and
opal glass. Artificial lemon-trees, with fruit consisting of yellow
lamps, also make a pretty dining-table ornament. So do vases of roses
with incandescence lamps hid in them, an ornament devised by Mr J.
W. Swan for his residence at Bromley. Aquaria, too, can be lighted
internally by incandescence bulbs, and it would be very pretty to see
the lamps lying beside growing sea-anemones, whose expansion might seem
the more lovely under the stimulus of their rays.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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