Chaucer's Translation of Boethius's "De Consolatione Philosophiae"Boethius
ReligionComparative
Chaucer's Translation of Boethius's "De Consolatione Philosophiae"
Boethius
Happiness; Philosophy and religion
as who seiþ. þat þilke answere p{ro}cediþ
ryȝt as þouȝ men trauailden or weren bysy to
enqueren þe whiche þing is cause of whiche þinges. as
wheþer þe p{re}science is cause of þe necessite of þinges to 4472
comen. or ellys þat þe necessite of þi{n}ges to comen is
cause of þe purueau{n}ce.
[Sidenote: But I will prove that, however the order of causes may
stand, the event of things foreseen is necessary, although
prescience doth not seem to impose a necessity upon future things
to fall out.]
¶ But I ne enforce me nat now
to shewe{n} it þat þe bytidyng of þinges y-wist byforn is
necessarie. how so or in what manere þat þe ordre of 4476
causes haþ it self. al þouȝ þat it ne seme nat þat þe
p{re}science brynge in necessite of bytydynge of þinges
to comen.
[Sidenote: For if a man sit--the belief in the sitting is true;
and, on the other hand, if the opinion is true of his sitting, he
must needs sit.]
¶ For certys yif þat any wyȝt sitteþ it byhoueþ
by necessite þat þe oppiniou{n} be soþe of hym 4480
þ{a}t coniectiþ þat he sitteþ. and aȝeinward. al so is it of
þe contrarie. yif þe oppiniou{n} be soþe of any wyȝt for
þat he sitteþ it byhoueþ by necessite þat he sitte
[Sidenote: In both cases there is a necessity--in the latter that
the person sits--in the former, that the opinion concerning the
other is true.]
¶ þan
is here necessite in þat oon {and} in þ{a}t oþer. for in þat 4484
oon is necessite of sittynge.
[Sidenote: But the man does not sit because the opinion of his
sitting is true, but the opinion is true because the action of his
being seated was antecedent in time.]
{and} certys in þat oþer is
necessite of soþe but þerfore ne sitteþ nat a wyȝt for þat
þe oppiniou{n} of sittyng is soþe. but þe oppiniou{n} is
raþer soþe for þat a wyȝt sitteþ by-forn.
[Sidenote: So that although the cause of truth arises from the
sitting, there is a common necessity in both.]
and þus al 4488
þouȝ þ{a}t þe cause of soþe comeþ of [þe] syttyng. and
nat of þe trewe oppiniou{n}. Algates ȝitte is þer comune
necessite in þat oon {and} in þat oþer.
[Sidenote: Thus may we reason concerning Providence and future
events.]
¶ þus sheweþ it
þ{a}t I may make semblable skils of þe p{ur}ueau{n}ce of god 4492
{and} of þinges to come.
[Sidenote: For allowing things are foreseen because they are to
happen, and that they do not befall because they are foreseen, it
is necessary that future events should be foreseen of God, or if
foreseen that they should happen; and this alone is sufficient to
destroy all idea of _free-will_.]
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