Chaucer's Translation of Boethius's "De Consolatione Philosophiae"Boethius
ReligionComparative
Chaucer's Translation of Boethius's "De Consolatione Philosophiae"
Boethius
Happiness; Philosophy and religion
¶ For 4684
by grace of possessiou{n}. so þat þou mowe þe better vndirstonde
þis þat folweþ. ¶ I pose (inpossibile) þat
þer ne be no p{re}science. þan axe I q{uo}d she in as
moche as app{er}teniþ to þat. sholde þan þinges þat 4688
comen of frewille ben constreined to bytiden by
necessite.
[Sidenote: _B._ No.]
{Boici}us. nay q{uo}d I.
[Sidenote: _P._ Let us, then, admit Prescience, but that it
imposes no necessity on what is to happen; the freedom of the will
would still remain entire and absolute.]
þan aȝeinward q{uo}d
she. I suppose þat þere be p{re}science but þat ne putteþ
no necessite to þinges. þan trowe I þat þilk self fredom 4692
of wille shal dwelle{n} al hool {and} absolut {and} vnbounden.
[Sidenote: But although Prescience, you may say, is not the
necessary cause of future events, yet it is a sign that they shall
necessarily happen, and hence it follows that, although there were
no prescience, future events would still be an inevitable
necessity.]
but þou wolt sein þat al be it so þat p{re}science
nis nat cause of þe necessite of bitidynge to þinges to
comen. ¶ Algates ȝitte it is a signe þ{a}t þe þinges ben 4696
to bytiden by necessite. by þis manere þan al þouȝ þe
p{re}science ne hadde neuer yben. ȝit algate or at þe
lest[e] wey. it is certeyne þing þat þe e{n}dys {and} þe
bitydynges of þinges to come{n} sholde ben necessarie. 4700
[Sidenote: For the sign of a thing is not really the thing itself,
but only points out what the individual is.]
¶ For euery sygne sheweþ {and} signifieþ oonly what þe
þing is ¶ but it ne makiþ nat þe þing þat it signifieþ.
[Sidenote: Wherefore, it must be first proved that everything
happens by necessity before we can conclude that prescience is a
sign of that necessity.]
¶ For whiche it byhoueþ firste to shewen þat no þing
ne bitidiþ [þ{a}t it ne bytydith] by necessite. so þat it 4704
may apere þ{a}t þe p{re}scie{n}ce is signe of þis necessite
[Sidenote: For if there be no necessity, prescience cannot be the
sign of that which has no existence.]
¶ or ellys yif þere nere no necessite. certys þilke p{re}science
ne myȝt[e] nat ben signe of þinge þat nis nat.
[Linenotes:
4677 _þinge[s]_--thinges
4683 _whiche_--which
4685 _better_--beter{e}
4688 _moche_--mochel
4689 _frewille_--free wyl
4691 _þat ne_--þat is ne
4692 _þat_--MS. þan
_þilk self_--thilke selue
4693 _wille_--wil
4699 _lest[e]_--leeste
4700 _sholde_--sholden
4703 _whiche_--which
_firste_--fyrst
4704 [_þat----bytydith_]--from C.
4707 _myȝt[e]_--myhte
_þinge_--thing]
[Headnote:
NOT ALL THINGS CONTROLLED BY NECESSITY.]
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