Chickamauga and Chattanooga Battlefields: Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park—Georgia, TennesseeSullivan, James R.
History
Chickamauga and Chattanooga Battlefields: Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park—Georgia, Tennessee
Sullivan, James R.
Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park (Ga. and Tenn.); United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865
During the night of November 23-24, Sherman began to carry out his role
in the drama. He selected Brig. Gen. Giles A. Smith’s brigade to man the
pontoon boats, concealed in North Chickamauga Creek, to cross the
Tennessee River and secure a bridgehead near the mouth of the South
Chickamauga Creek. During the hours of darkness the brigade landed at
its designated place. A few soldiers stopped at the mouth of the creek,
surprising and capturing the pickets there. The remaining troops landed
and prepared to build bridges across the Tennessee River and South
Chickamauga Creek. By early afternoon they had finished the bridge
across the river, and Sherman’s forces were across and ready to attack.
Brig. Gen. Jefferson C. Davis’ Division (Fourteenth Corps), which had
guarded the pontoons, also crossed and became part of Sherman’s force.
Sherman attacked and seized the north end of Missionary Ridge at 4 p.m.
against only Confederate outpost opposition. To his surprise, Sherman
found a deep and wide ravine separating the north end of the ridge from
Tunnel Hill immediately southward, his real objective. Cleburne’s
Division of Confederate troops had hurried to Tunnel Hill only an hour
or two before Sherman seized the north end of Missionary Ridge, and they
were busily engaged entrenching there when Sherman arrived across the
ravine from them. Sherman did not attack Tunnel Hill that afternoon, but
entrenched where he was.
THE BATTLE ABOVE THE CLOUDS, NOVEMBER 24.
While operations were in progress, east of Chattanooga, Hooker moved
into action west of the town. The failure of Osterhaus’ Division to join
Sherman resulted in another change of orders. A new plan for Hooker to
take Lookout Mountain and descend into Chattanooga Valley replaced the
original one of having him merely hold Lookout Valley and the route to
Bridgeport. Hooker had three divisions in his force commanded by
Brigadier Generals Peter J. Osterhaus, John W. Geary, and Charles Cruft,
each from a different army corps. Geary was on the right at Wauhatchie,
Cruft in the center, and Osterhaus near Brown’s Ferry. It was a unique
team. One who was present wrote, “We were all strangers, no one division
ever having seen either of the others.”
[Illustration: THE BATTLE OF CHATTANOOGA
NOVEMBER 23, 24, 25, 1863]
The terrain that confronted Hooker’s command was rugged, steep, heavily
timbered, and topped by a rocky cliff. At the northern end, at the cliff
base and halfway up the mountain, was a bench of nearly level land. On
it stood the Cravens Farm. At 8 a. m. on November 24 Hooker sent Geary’s
Division, supported by a brigade from Cruft’s Division, to effect a
crossing of Lookout Creek. The troops accomplished this with little
opposition and Geary climbed the mountain until the head of his column
reached the cliff. The division then moved to the left and proceeded
northward toward the point of the mountain.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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