Chickamauga and Chattanooga Battlefields: Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park—Georgia, TennesseeSullivan, James R.
History
Chickamauga and Chattanooga Battlefields: Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park—Georgia, Tennessee
Sullivan, James R.
Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park (Ga. and Tenn.); United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865
[Illustration: _Hazen’s men landing from pontoon boats at Brown’s
Ferry, Tennessee River. Theodore R. Davis wartime sketch._ From
_Battles and Leaders of the Civil War_.]
While Geary climbed the mountain, Cruft, with his force, moved farther
down the valley toward the Tennessee River and seized a bridge over the
creek. Osterhaus’ Division then crossed the stream at that point in the
face of sharp skirmishing with Confederate defenders before the latter
retreated up the mountain. The three Union divisions soon joined on a
common line and, supported by Union batteries on Moccasin Point,
steadily drove Walthall’s Confederate brigade around the point of
Lookout Mountain to the Cravens farmhouse. By noon, Hooker’s forces were
in possession of the farm but the Confederates made a stand beyond the
Cravens house within prepared defense works, and were joined there by
two brigades from the top of the mountain. Fog which covered the
mountainside most of the morning became so heavy that by 2 p. m. it was
almost impossible to see. This factor, plus a shortage of ammunition,
caused Hooker to halt and consolidate his position. Later in the
afternoon, Carlin’s brigade arrived with a resupply of ammunition.
During the night, General Stevenson withdrew the Confederate forces from
Lookout Mountain and marched them to Missionary Ridge where they joined
their comrades holding that sector of the line.
“The Battle Above the Clouds” was fought on the bench of land
surrounding the Cravens house. There was no fighting on top the
mountain. The romantic name given in later years to this action on the
Union right was the result of the fog and mist which shrouded the
mountain that day from observers below. It was not until the next
morning that the 8th Kentucky Volunteers planted the Stars and Stripes
on top of the bluff.
[Illustration: _Lookout Mountain from Union works in Chattanooga._
From _Harper’s Pictorial History of the Great Rebellion_.]
MISSIONARY RIDGE, NOVEMBER 25.
The decisive blow of the battle was at hand. Grant’s orders for the
morning of November 25 were as follows: “Sherman was directed to attack
at daylight. Hooker was ordered to move at the same hour, and endeavor
to intercept the enemy’s retreat, if he still remained; if he had gone,
then to move directly to Rossville and operate against the left and rear
of the force on Missionary Ridge. Thomas was not to move until Hooker
had reached Missionary Ridge.”
[Illustration: _Gen. Ulysses S. Grant on Lookout Mountain, 1863.
Grant is in the lower left corner._ Courtesy National Archives.]
[Illustration: _Missionary Ridge from a Union trench._ From Elson,
_The Civil War Through the Camera_.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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