Children's Ways: Being selections from the author's "Studies of childhood," with some additional matterSully, James
Science
Children's Ways: Being selections from the author's "Studies of childhood," with some additional matter
Sully, James
Child development; Child psychology
The effort of the child to understand the things about him grows
noteworthy somewhere near the end of the third year, and about the same
time there comes the questioning "mania," as we are apt to regard it.
The first question was put in the case of a boy in the twenty-eighth
month, in the case of a girl in the twenty-third month. But the true age
of inquisitiveness when questions are fired off with wondrous rapidity
and pertinacity seems to be ushered in with the fourth year.
A common theory peculiarly favoured by ignorant nurses and mothers is
that children's questioning is one of the ways in which they love to
plague their elders. We shall see presently how much truth there is in
this view. It may be enough here to say that a good deal of this first
questioning is something very different. A child asks you what this
thing is you wear on your watch-chain, why you part your hair in the
middle, or what not, because he feels that he is ignorant, and for the
moment at any rate he would like to get his ignorance removed. More than
this, his question shows that he thinks you can satisfy his curiosity.
Questioning may take various directions. A good deal of the child's
catechising of his long-suffering mother is prompted by a more or less
keen desire for fact. The typical form of this line of questioning is
"What?" The motive here is commonly the wish to know something which
will connect itself with and complete a bit of knowledge already gained.
"How old is Rover?" "Where was Rover born?" "Who was his father?" "What
is that dog's name?" "What sort of hair had you when you were a little
girl?" This kind of questioning may spring out of pure childish
curiosity, or out of some practical need, as that of acting out a part
in play. Thus a Kindergarten teacher was wont to be besieged with
questions of this kind from her small boys when playing at being
animals: "Do walruses swim fast or slow?" "Do lions climb trees?"
One feature in this pursuit of fact is the great store which a child
sets by names of things. It has been pointed out by a French writer that
the form of question: "What is this?" often means, "What is it called?"
A child is apt to think that everything has its own name. One little boy
explained to his mother that he thought all the frogs, the mice, the
birds and the butterflies had names given to them by their mothers,
just as babies have. Perhaps children when they find out the name of a
new thing feel that they know it, that they have been introduced to it,
so to speak.
Another motive in this early questioning is the desire for an
explanation of what is seen or heard about the reason and the cause of
things. It takes the well-known forms, "Why?" "Who made?" and so forth.
Who that has tried to instruct the small child of three or four does not
know the long shrill whine-like sound of this question?
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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