=Bowel movement.= The baby’s first stools are of tarlike consistency, with little or no odor. After a day or two the stools change to a light yellow in color, are soft in consistency, and have little or no odor. During the first week the bowels move two or three times a day. As the child grows older, one or two movements a day will be sufficient. The mother should begin to train the baby to use a chamber as early as the third month. He should be placed on a small chamber held between the mother’s knees, his back being supported against her body. In order to form the habit of having the bowels move regularly this should be done at the same hour each day. If the bowels do not move, insert a soap or glycerine suppository into the rectum. This will help direct the baby’s attention to the reason for his being placed on the vessel, and the suppository starts the bowels moving. This habit is soon established. The child should be placed on the chamber after the early morning feeding and again in the afternoon. =Bladder.= Habits of regularity in emptying the bladder may be formed by placing the baby on the vessel every three or four hours during the day and the last thing at night. =Thumb sucking.= The habit of thumb or finger sucking begins in early infancy and may continue until the child is six or eight years old if it is not broken. If persisted in, it may cause marked deformities of the jaws and teeth. When the thumb or finger is put into the mouth it should be gently but firmly removed. By this method the habit will be gradually overcome. It may be necessary to pin the sleeves to the side of the dress, so that the arms cannot be raised. =Pacifier.= Never use a rubber nipple, sugar ball, or any other pacifier. =Kissing.= Under no circumstances should anyone kiss a baby on the mouth. Common colds, tuberculosis, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles, and many other diseases are transmitted in this way. Remember that disease may be present in the secretions of the mouth and nose and on the lips. =Crying.= A well baby never cries without cause. Normal crying is loud and forceful, and the mother will soon learn to distinguish it from the cry of pain, hunger, or discomfort. A baby has no other way of expressing his needs—therefore his cry should be heeded. When he cries the mother should see that he is made comfortable, that his hands and feet are warm, that his diaper is not wet, and that no pins are pricking him. Often merely a change of position is sufficient to quiet him. Do not take him up at the first cry; most babies like to be held and will often cry simply to be taken up. =Cry due to colic.= The cry of colic is sharp and spasmodic. The baby will draw his legs up, and the muscles of the abdomen will be hard and tense.