=Directions for giving an enema.= Place the baby on his back with a folded towel under his buttocks. A soft rubber catheter is safer to use than the hard rubber nozzle provided for this purpose. Allow the water to run freely through the catheter before inserting, so as to prevent injecting cold water and air into the rectum. Lift the baby’s feet with the left hand and with the right insert the oiled catheter gently into the rectum for two or three inches. =Diarrhea.= A well baby usually has one or two movements a day. Frequent movements, or diarrhea, may be the beginning of a severe illness, and a physician should be consulted at once. This condition occurs more frequently with bottle-fed babies. If it occurs in a breast-fed baby, it is usually because the mother has not been careful about her diet or because the baby has been given improper food. To relieve this condition, if a physician is not at hand, give one teaspoonful of castor oil and omit the feeding in order to let the baby’s stomach rest. =Prevention of chafing.= The skin of the baby is sensitive and may be easily irritated. For this reason the baby’s diaper should be removed as soon as soiled and the skin cleansed with warm water. The folds of the skin should be thoroughly dried and dusted with a little talcum powder, or olive oil may be applied, before the clean diaper is put on. =Colds.= Common colds are contagious and in infants often lead to serious illness. A mother with a cold, when nursing her baby, should tie a handkerchief loosely over her nose and mouth in order to protect the child from infection if she should cough or sneeze. Many children’s diseases, such as whooping cough, measles, etc., are transmitted through the secretions of the nose and mouth. Any member of the family who has a cold should keep away from the children, and particularly from the baby. [Illustration: PROTECTING THE BABY FROM HIS MOTHER’S COLD] =Vaccination.= Before the discovery of vaccine, smallpox was the most dreaded disease in the world and more prevalent than measles is to-day. A hundred years ago it was considered a disease of the children; to-day, by the simple and safe process of vaccination, it has been almost entirely eliminated, except in those localities where through prejudice or ignorance the children are not vaccinated. Therefore every baby should be vaccinated before he is six months old; this should be repeated at about six years of age, and later if there is a smallpox epidemic. The best place for vaccination is on the left arm. If the leg be selected, as it is occasionally (especially with girls), the child should stay in bed during the reaction following vaccination.