[Footnote 216: Nyo-fu is the Japanese name for Kiang-nan, the province of which Anhui forms a part.] [Footnote 217: In the district of Hsiao Hsien, department of Hsü Chou. The ware is described in the _T´ao lu_ (bk. vii., fol. 7) under the name Hsiao [Chinese] yao.] [Footnote 218: [Chinese].] [Footnote 219: Quoted in the _T´ao lu_, bk. ix., fol. 9.] [Footnote 220: [Chinese]] [Footnote 221: [Chinese]] [Footnote 222: Bk. vi., fol. 23 verso. This account does not appear in the original edition, and was added in the later edition of 1459.] [Footnote 223: Quoted in the _T´ao shuo_.] [Footnote 224: [Chinese] _yu_, which means "black," or "invisible blue or green."] [Footnote 225: See Bushell, _T´ao shuo_, p. 48.] [Footnote 226: "Have ornament."] [Footnote 227: See _Ko ku yao lun_, loc. cit.] [Footnote 228: [Chinese] _T´ao lu_, bk. vi., fol. 7 recto and verso.] [Footnote 229: These must have resembled Ko yao. Hence, perhaps, the comparison in value between the fair Shu's ware and the Ko yao, p. 98.] CHAPTER VIII TZ´Ŭ CHOU [Chinese] WARE A LARGE and important class of wares, closely related to the Ting group, was made at Tz´ŭ Chou, formerly in the Chang-tê Fu in Honan, and now included in the Kuang-p´ing Fu in Chihli. The name of the place, previously Fu-yang, was changed to Tz´ŭ Chou in the Sui dynasty (589-617 A.D.), and as it was derived, as Chinese writers are careful to explain, from the _tz´ŭ_ stone from which the ware was made, we may infer that this material, and no doubt the local potteries, assumed importance at this early date. There were, in fact, a few fragments of pottery of the Tz´ŭ Chou type, decorated with brown spots, among the Chinese wares found on the ninth-century site of Samarra, in Persia, by Professor Sarre (see p. 148); and a finely painted fragment of a Tz´ŭ Chou vase in the Anthropological Museum at Petrograd was brought from a site in Turfan, which was in all probability as early as the tenth century. Moreover, it is constantly asserted by traders in China that this or that piece of painted Tz´ŭ Chou ware was found in a T´ang tomb, and in many cases, such as that of the brown-painted vase with lotus design mentioned on p. 33, the form of the specimen and the style of the decoration are quite consistent with a T´ang attribution. There is, however, no information on the subject earlier than the Sung dynasty, when the Tz´ŭ Chou factories enjoyed a high reputation.[230] The _Ko ku yao lun_ gives the following brief notice of them under the heading "Old Tz´ŭ wares":-- "Old Tz´ŭ wares (_tz´ŭ ch´i_) were made at Tz´ŭ Chou, in the Chang-tê Fu in Honan. Good specimens closely resemble Ting ware, but have not the tear-stains. There are, besides, specimens with engraved and painted[231] ornament. The plain white pieces command a higher price than Ting ware. The recent (i.e. late fourteenth century) productions of the factory are not worthy of consideration."