Chinese pottery and porcelain; vol. 2. Ming and Ch'ing PorcelainHobson, R. L. (Robert Lockhart)
History
Chinese pottery and porcelain; vol. 2. Ming and Ch'ing Porcelain
Hobson, R. L. (Robert Lockhart)
Porcelain, Chinese; Pottery, Chinese
Among the opaque enamels a few shades of blue are similarly used, while
the others, as already mentioned, form plain or engraved backgrounds
for floral reserves and panel decoration as on Fig. 2 of Plate 125,
and on the Peking bowls. The latter are so named not because they
were made at Peking, but because the specimens acquired by Western
collectors have been chiefly obtained from that source. Many of them
have the Ch’ien Lung mark, and their ground colours comprise a variety
of pinks, yellow, green, French grey, dark blue, slaty blue, amaranth,
lavender, bluish green,[454] delicate greenish white and coral red.
The medallions on the bowls--usually four in number--are commonly
decorated with growing flowers, such as the flowers of the four seasons
in polychrome enamels, while others have figure subjects, frequently
European figures in landscape setting and with Chinese attributes,
such as a _ju-i_ or _ling-chih_ fungus. The finish of these bowls is
extremely fine, and they are well worthy of the Imperial use to which
they were mostly destined.
The mention of a delicate greenish white enamel on these medallion
bowls reminds us that this colour is used with exquisite effect for
borders of floral design, or even for the main decoration of tea
and coffee wares; and there is a little plate in the British Museum
with Ch’ien Lung mark on which it appears with a peculiar chilled or
shrivelled surface as a background for painted designs in iron red.
There is a large class of enamelled porcelain, doubtless made chiefly
for export, which found its way into our country houses in the last
half of the eighteenth century. It is painted with panels of figure
subjects in which rose pink and iron red are uncompromisingly blended,
and the space surrounding the panels is filled with composite designs
of blue and white with passages of pink scale diaper or feathery
gilt scrolls broken by small vignettes in which a bird on a bough,
insects, growing plants or fragments of landscape are painted in
_camaieu_ pink, red or sepia. In some cases the panels are framed
with low, moulded reliefs, which extend into the border spaces, and the
groundwork in these parts is powdered with tiny raised dots. The wares
include large punch bowls, bottle-shaped ewers with their basins, and
sets of five vases, two of which are beakers and three covered jars
with lion knobs, ovoid or square, and sometimes of eggshell thinness.
Others again have their panels enclosed by wreaths of flowers and
foliage or “rat and vine pattern” in full relief, and many of them
have a glaze of lumpy, “orange peel” texture. The name “Mandarin” has
been given to these wares because the central figure subjects usually
contain personages in official dress; and the large punch bowls
brought back by the tea-merchants are included in this group, though
the mandarin figures in the panels are in this case often replaced by
European subjects.
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