47. _Ibid._ vol. vii., 1896, 340 f. 48. Chambers, "M. S.," i. 149 f. 49. W. Hone, "Every Day Book" (London, 1838), ii. 1649. 50. _Folk-Lore_, vol. vii., 1896, 342. 51. #[Sir] G. L. Gomme, "The Village Community"# (London, 1890), 242 f. 52. Busk, 99. 53. Dawson, 320. 54. #"The Nation"# (London), Dec. 10, 1910. 55. Burne and Jackson, 411. 56. Lloyd, 217. 57. Bilfinger, 24. 58. Brand, 18 f. 59. Dyer, 37. 60. Quoted from #"Journal of the Archaeological Association,"# vol. vii., 1852, 202, by Dyer, 39. 61. Chambers, "M. S.," i. 113. 62. _Ibid._ i. 114. 63. Usener, 310 f. 64. Naogeorgus, 48. 65. Sebillot, 179 f. |387| 66. Hoermann, "Tiroler Volksleben," 7. 67. Usener, 321. 68. Brand, 25. Cf. #G. W. Kitchin, "Seven Sages Of Durham"# (London, 1911), 113. 69. _The Gentleman's Magazine_, 1790, 719. 70. Dyer, 55 f. 71. Quoted by Dyer, 57, from #Martin's "Description of the Western Isles of Scotland"# (1703), 119. 72. Gomme, "Folk-Lore Relics," 95. 73. Brand, 26. 74. _Ibid._ 26. 75. Burne and Jackson, 411. CONCLUSION 1. E. Clodd in Presidential Address to the Folk-Lore Society, 1894. See _Folk-Lore_, vol. vi., 1895, 77. |388| |389| |390| |391| INDEX Abbots Bromley, horn-dance at, 201 Abruzzi, All Souls' Eve in, 192; "new water" in, 333 "Adam," drama, 127-8 Adam and Eve, their Day, 271 Adam of St. Victor, 33-4 "Adeste, fideles," 63-4 Advent, 90-2; "Advent images," 118; _Kloepfelnaechte_, 216-8 Alexandria, pagan rites at, 20 All Saints' Day, and the cult of the dead, 173, 189-90 All Souls' Day, and the cult of the dead, 173, 181, 189-95 Alsace, Christkind in, 230; New Year's "May" in, 269-70 Alsso of Brevnov, 183 Ambrose, St., 31-2 _Amburbale_, 353 Amiens, Feast of Fools at, 305 Anatolius, St., hymn of, 100 Ancestor-worship, 181, 253-4, 290, 341 Andrew, St., his Day, 173, 213-6, 277 Animals, carol of, 69; ox and ass at the Nativity, 155; cult of, 174-8; masks of, 175-6, 199-202; on Christmas Eve, 233-4; specially fed at Christmas, 289; wassailing, 346-7 Ansbach, Martinmas in, 206 Antwerp, soul-cakes at, 194; St. Martin at, 206-7; St. Thomas's Day at, 224 Apples, customs with, 195-6, 207, 278 Ara Coeli, Rome, 115-6 Ardennes, St. Thomas's Day in, 224 Armenian Church, Epiphany in, 22 Artemis and St. Nicholas, 218 Aryan and pre-Aryan customs, 163-4 Aschenklas, 219, 231 Ashes, superstition about, 258 Ass, Prose of the, 304-5 Athens, New Year in, 331 Aubrey, J., 308 Augury, 182, 195-8, 214-5, 225, 237, 321-33 Augustine, St. (of Canterbury), 21, 179 Aurelian, 23 Austria, Christmas poetry in, 45-46; Christmas drama in, 143-6; soul-cakes in, 194; St. Nicholas in, 218-20; St. Lucia's Eve in, 223; St. Thomas's Eve in, 225; Frau Perchta, etc., in, 241-4, 342; Sylvester in, 274. _See also_ Bohemia, Carinthia, Styria, Tyrol Awdlay, John, 47-8 Bach, J. S., 73-4 Baden, All Souls' Eve in, 192