Among those who employed their great fortunes in the manner alluded to was Sir Henry Furnese, a Director of the Bank of England. Throughout Holland, Flanders, France, and Germany, he maintained a complete and perfect train of intelligence. The news of the many battles fought at this period was received first by him, and the fall of Namur added to his profits, owing to his early intelligence. On another occasion he was presented by William with a diamond ring, as a reward for some important information, and as a testimony of this monarch’s esteem. But the temptation to deceive was too great, even for this gentleman. He fabricated news; he insinuated false intelligence; he was the originator of some of those plans which at a later period were managed with so much effect by Rothschild. If Sir Henry wished to buy, his brokers were ordered to look gloomy and mysterious, hint at important news, and after a time sell. His movements were closely watched; the contagion would spread; the speculators grew alarmed; prices be lowered 4 or 5 per cent.,—for in those days the loss of a battle might be the loss of a crown,—and Sir Henry Furnese would reap the benefit by employing different brokers to purchase as much as possible at the reduced price. Large profits were thus made; but a demoralizing spirit was spread throughout the Stock Exchange. Bankrupts and beggars sought the same pleasure in which the millionnaire indulged, and often with similar success. The wealthy Hebrew, Medina, accompanied Marlborough in all his campaigns; administered to the avarice of the great captain by an annuity of six thousand pounds per annum; repaid himself by expresses containing intelligence of those great battles which fire the English blood to hear them named; and Ramilies, Oudenarde, and Blenheim administered as much to the purse of the Hebrew as they did to the glory of England. In the midst of these excitements arises a name which, to the dwellers in London, is well known. Thomas Guy, the Bible contractor, was a frequenter of ’Change Alley; and here, duly and daily, might be seen that figure, which the gratitude of his fellow-men has rendered familiar in the statue raised to his memory. FOOTNOTES: [1] The tontine is simply a loan raised on life-annuities. In consideration of a certain amount paid by a certain number of persons, government grants to each a life-annuity. As the annuitants die, their shares are divided among the survivors, until the annuity granted to the whole becomes centred in the longest liver; at his death the transaction ceases. CHAPTER III. _Enormous Bribery by William.—Increased Taxation.—Speech of Sir Charles Sedley.—Wrongs of the Soldiers.—Defence of William.—Moral Disorganization of the Country.—First Exchequer-Bill Fraud.—First Foreign Loan.—Romantic Fraud in 1715.—Political Fraud of ’Change Alley.—Interference of the House of Peers.—First Hoax._