Loss of Life in War 251 Destruction of Property 253 The Wreck of the Railways 259 The Interregnum: Lawlessness and Disorder 262 The Negro testing his Freedom 269 How to prove Freedom 270 Suffering among the Negroes 273 Relations between Whites and Blacks 275 Destitution and Want, 1865-1866 277 CHAPTER VI CONFISCATION AND THE COTTON TAX Confiscation Frauds 284 Restrictions on Trade in 1865 284 Federal Claims to Confederate Property 285 Cotton Frauds and Stealing 290 Cotton Agents Prosecuted 297 Statistics of the Frauds 299 The Cotton Tax 303 CHAPTER VII THE TEMPER OF THE PEOPLE After the Surrender 308 "Condition of Affairs in the South" 311 General Grant's Report 311 Carl Schurz's Report 312 Truman's Report 312 Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction 313 The "Loyalists" 316 Treatment of Northern Men 318 Immigration to Alabama 321 Troubles of the Episcopal Church 324 PART IV _PRESIDENTIAL RESTORATION_ CHAPTER VIII FIRST PROVISIONAL ADMINISTRATION Theories of Reconstruction 333 Presidential Plan in Operation 341 Early Attempts at "Restoration" 341 Amnesty Proclamation 349 "Proscribing Proscription" 356 The "Restoration" Convention 358 Personnel and Parties 358 Debates on Secession and Slavery 360 "A White Man's Government" 364 Legislation by the Convention 366 "Restoration" Completed 367 CHAPTER IX SECOND PROVISIONAL ADMINISTRATION