Status of the Provisional Government 376 Legislation about Freedmen 378 The Negro under the Provisional Government 383 Movement toward Negro Suffrage 386 New Conditions of Congress and Increasing Irritation 391 Fourteenth Amendment Rejected 394 Political Conditions, 1866-1867; Formation of Parties 398 CHAPTER X MILITARY GOVERNMENT, 1865-1866 The Military Occupation 408 The Army and the Colored Population 410 Administration of Justice by the Army 413 The Army and the White People 417 CHAPTER XI THE WARDS OF THE NATION The Freedmen's Bureau 421 Department of Negro Affairs 421 Organization of the Bureau 423 The Bureau and the Civil Authorities 427 The Bureau supported by Confiscations 431 The Labor Problem 433 Freedmen's Bureau Courts 437 Care of the Sick 441 Issue of Rations 442 Demoralization caused by Bureau 444 The Freedmen's Savings-bank 451 The Freedmen's Bureau and Negro Education 456 The Failure of the Bureau System 469 PART V _CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION_ CHAPTER XII MILITARY GOVERNMENT UNDER THE RECONSTRUCTION ACTS Administration of General John Pope 473 Military Reconstruction Acts 473 Pope's Control of the Civil Government 477 Pope and the Newspapers 485 Trials by Military Commissions 487 Registration and Disfranchisement 488 Elections and the Convention 491 Removal of Pope and Swayne 492 Administration of General George G. Meade 493 Registration and Elections 493 Administration of Civil Affairs 495 Trials by Military Commissions 498 The Soldiers and the Citizens 500 From Martial Law to Carpet-bag Rule 501 CHAPTER XIII THE CAMPAIGN OF 1867