built at least one great wing of the many-mansioned home which man in his totality demands.... The world embraces not only a Newton, but a Shakespeare; not only a Boyle, but a Raphael; not only a Kant, but a Beethoven; not only a Darwin, but a Carlyle. Not in each of these, but in all, is human nature whole. They are not opposed, but supplementary; not mutually exclusive, but reconcilable.” WILLIAM S. KNICKERBOCKER UNIVERSITY OF THE SOUTH SEWANEE, TENN. _April 5, 1927_ FOOTNOTES: [Footnote 1: Julian Huxley, in _Harper’s Magazine_ for April, 1926.] CONTENTS I FRANCIS BACON (1561-1626) 1 THE METHOD OF INDUCTIVE SCIENCE ON THE INTERPRETATION OF NATURE, OR THE REIGN OF MAN II NICOLAUS COPERNICUS (1473-1543) 20 THE NEW IDEA OF THE UNIVERSE III JOHANN KEPLER (1671-1630) 29 ON THE PRINCIPLES OF ASTRONOMY IV GALILEO GALILEI (1564-1642) 36 THE COPERNICAN VERSUS THE PTOLEMAIC ASTRONOMIES V WILLIAM HARVEY (1578-1667) 46 THE CIRCULATION OF BLOOD IN ANIMALS VI ROBERT BOYLE (1627-1691) 49 THE DISCOVERY OF THE LAW OF THE COMPRESSIBILITY OF GASSES VII CHRISTIAN HUYGHENS (1629-1695) 52 THE WAVE THEORY OF LIGHT VIII ANTHONY VON LEEUWENHOECK (1632-1723) 62 OBSERVATIONS ON ANIMALCULÆ IX SIR ISAAC NEWTON (1642-1727) 67 THE THEORY OF GRAVITATION X BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (1706-1790) 72 THE IDENTITY OF LIGHTNING AND ELECTRICITY XI LINNAEUS (1707-1778) 76 THE SEX OF PLANTS XII JOSEPH BLACK (1728-1799) 89 THE DISCOVERY OF CARBONIC ACID GAS XIII JOSEPH PRIESTLEY (1733-1804) 96 THE DISCOVERY OF OXYGEN XIV HENRY CAVENDISH (1731-1810) 102 THE COMBINATION OF HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN INTO WATER XV SIR WILLIAM HERSCHEL (1738-1822) 109 THE DISCOVERY OF URANUS ON THE NAME OF THE NEW PLANET ON NEBULOUS STARS XVI KARL WILHELM SCHEELE (1742-1786) 122 THE CONSTITUENTS OF AIR XVII ANTOINE LAURENT LAVOISIER (1743-1794) 129 THE NATURE OF COMBUSTION XVIII ALESSANDRO VOLTA (1745-1827) 135 NEW GALVANIC INSTRUMENT XIX PIERRE SIMON LAPLACE (1749-1827) 138 THE NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS XX EDWARD JENNER (1749-1823) 148 THE THEORY OF VACCINATION XXI COUNT RUMFORD (1753-1814) 157 THE NATURE OF HEAT XXII JOHN DALTON (1766-1844) 166 THE ATOMIC THEORY XXIII MARIE FRANÇOIS XAVIER BICHAT (1771-1802) 168