THE DOCTRINE OF TISSUES XXIV AMADEO AVOGADRO (1776-1856) 177 THE MOLECULES IN GASES PROPORTIONAL TO THE VOLUMES XXV SIR HUMPHREY DAVY (1778-1829) 183 ON SOME NEW PHENOMENA OF CHEMICAL CHANGES PRODUCED BY ELECTRICITY XXVI MICHAEL FARADAY (1791-1867) 190 ON FLUID CHLORINE ELECTRICITY FROM MAGNETISM XXVII JOSEPH HENRY (1797-1878) 198 ON THE PRODUCTION OF CURRENTS AND SPARKS OF ELECTRICITY FROM MAGNETISM XXVIII SIR CHARLES LYELL (1797-1875) 206 UNIFORMITY IN THE SERIES OF PAST CHANGES IN THE ANIMATE AND INANIMATE WORLD XXIX CHARLES DARWIN (1809-1882) 226 NATURAL SELECTION XXX THEODOR SCHWANN (1810-1882) 245 CELL THEORY XXXI HERMANN VON HELMHOLTZ (1821-1894) 273 THE CONSERVATION OF ENERGY XXXII LOUIS PASTEUR (1822-1895) 304 INOCULATION FOR HYDROPHOBIA XXXIII JAMES CLERK MAXWELL (1831-1879) 320 THE MAXWELL AND HERZ THEORY OF ELECTRICITY AND LIGHT XXXIV AUGUST WEISMANN (1834-1914) 334 THE CONTINUITY OF THE GERM-PLASM AS THE FOUNDATION OF A THEORY OF HEREDITY XXXV SIR NORMAN LOCKYER (1836-1920) 360 THE CHEMISTRY OF THE STARS XXXVI ROBERT KOCH (1843-1910) 374 THEORY OF BACTERIA CLASSICS OF MODERN SCIENCE I FRANCIS BACON 1561-1626 _Francis Bacon, Lord Verulam, is distinguished in the history of science for his criticism of the methods of knowledge of his day. In his great writings, “The Advancement of Learning” (1605), “Novum Organum” (1620), and “De Augmentis Scientiarum” (1623), he cumulatively outlined a new method, named after him, whereby all knowledge was referred to experience and corrected by experiment. His inductive method was epoch-making in that it established the technique underlying all modern science._ _He was born in London, January 22, 1561, the son of Sir Nicholas Bacon, Lord Keeper of the Seals. In 1573, at the age of twelve, he matriculated in Trinity College, Cambridge. After his father’s death, in 1579, he led a precarious life, accumulated many debts, and ended by accusing his intimate friend, Lord Essex, of treason. In 1607 King James appointed him Solicitor. In 1613 he became Attorney General, and in 1618 was made Lord Chancellor and knighted Baron Verulam. The following year he was impeached for bribery, and imprisoned four days for the offense. Thereafter, until his death on April 9, 1626, he gave himself wholly to the development of his new scientific method._ THE METHOD OF INDUCTIVE SCIENCE[2]