Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur) — John Shaqi
Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
History
Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
Science; Science -- History
I perceived in pure water, after some days, more of those animals, as
also some that were somewhat larger. And I imagine, that many thousands
of these little creatures do not equal an ordinary grain of sand in
bulk; and comparing them with a cheese-mite, which may be seen to
move with the naked eye, I make the proportion of one of these small
water-creatures to a cheese-mite to be like that of a bee to a horse;
for, the circumference of one of these little animals in water is not
so large as the thickness of a hair in a cheese-mite.
In another quantity of rain-water, exposed for some days to the air,
I observed some thousands of them in a drop of water, which were of
the smallest sort that I had seen hitherto. And in some time after I
observed, besides the animals already noted, a sort of creatures that
were eight times as large, of almost a round figure; and as those very
small animalcula swam gently among each other, moving as gnats do in
the air, so did these larger ones move far more swiftly, tumbling round
as it were, and then making a sudden downfall.
In the waters of the river Maese I saw very small creatures of
different kinds and colours, and so small, that I could very hardly
discern their figures; but the number of them was far less than those
found in rain-water. In the water of a very cold well in the autumn, I
discovered a very great number of living animals very small, that were
exceedingly clear, and a little larger than the smallest I ever saw.
In sea-water I observed at first, a little blackish animal, looking as
if it had been made up of two globules. This creature had a peculiar
motion, resembling the skipping of a flea on white paper, so that it
might very well be called a water-flea; but it was far less than the
eye of that little animal, which Dr. Swammerdam calls the water-flea. I
also discovered little creatures therein that were clear, of the same
size with the former animal, but of an oval figure, having a serpentine
motion. I further noticed a third sort, which were very slow in their
motion; their body was of a mouse colour, clear toward the oval point;
and before the head and behind the body there stood out a sharp little
point angle-wise. This sort was a little larger. But there was yet a
fourth somewhat longer than oval. Yet of all these sorts there were
but a few of each. Some days after viewing this water, I saw 100 where
before I had seen but one; but these were of another figure, and not
only less, but they were also very clear, and of an oblong oval figure,
only with this difference, that their heads ended sharper; and although
they were a thousand times smaller than a small grain of sand, yet when
they lay out of the water in a dry place, they burst in pieces and
spread into three or four very little globules, and into some aqueous
matter, without any other parts appearing in them.
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