Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur) — John Shaqi
Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
History
Classics of modern science : $b (Copernicus to Pasteur)
Science; Science -- History
are concentric to Jupiter, and therefore the accelerative gravities of
Jupiter, and of all its satellites towards the sun, are equal among
themselves....
But further; the weights of all the parts of every planet towards
any other planet are one to another as the matter in the several
parts; for if some parts did gravitate more, others less, than for
the quantity of their matter, then the whole planet, according to the
sort of parts with which it most abounds, would gravitate more or less
than in proportion to the quantity of matter in the whole. Nor is it
of any moment whether these parts are external or internal; for if,
for example, we should imagine the terrestrial bodies with us to be
raised up to the orb of the moon, to be there compared with its body;
if the weights of such bodies were to the weights of the external parts
of the moon as the quantities of matter in the one and in the other
respectively; but to the weights of the internal parts in a greater or
less proportion, then likewise the weights of those bodies would be to
the weight of the whole moon in a greater or less proportion; against
what we have showed above.
Cor. 1. Hence the weights of bodies do not depend upon their forms and
textures; for if the weights could be altered with the forms, they
would be greater or less, according to the variety of forms in equal
matter; altogether against experience.
Cor. 2. Universally, all bodies about the earth gravitate towards the
earth; and the weights of all, at equal distances from the earth’s
centre, are as the quantities of matter which they severally contain.
This is the quality of all bodies within the reach of our experiments;
and therefore (by rule 3) to be affirmed of all bodies whatsoever....
Cor. 5. The power of gravity is of a different nature from the power of
magnetism; for the magnetic attraction is not as the matter attracted.
Some bodies are attracted more by the magnet; others less; most bodies
not at all. The power of magnetism in one and the same body may be
increased and diminished; and is sometimes far stronger, for the
quantity of matter, than the power of gravity; and in receding from
the magnet decreases not in the duplicate but almost in the triplicate
proportion of the distance, as nearly as I could judge from some rude
observations.
BOOK III. PROPOSITION VII. THEOREM VII.
_That there is a power of gravity tending to all bodies, proportional
to the several quantities of matter which they contain._
That all the planets mutually gravitate one towards another, we have
proved before; as well as that the force of gravity towards every
one of them, considered apart, is reciprocally as the square of the
distance of places from the centre of the planet. And thence (by prop.
69, book I, and its corollaries) it follows, that the gravity tending
towards all the planets is proportional to the matter which they
contain.
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