Gravitation, effect on sun, 250; pull of, 244. Great Basin, in glacial period, 126; salt lakes in, 142. Great Ice Age, see Pleistocene. Great Plains, effect on ice sheet, 120. Greenland, climatic stress, 105 ff.; ice, 26; rainfall, 108; storminess, 57; submergence, 219; vegetation, 21, 37, 287; winds, 135, 161. Gregory, J. W., cited, 90 ff., 97. Gschnitz stage, 216. Guatemala, ruins in, 95. Guervain, cited, 135. Gyroscope, earth as, 181. Hale, G. E., cited, 56, 62. Hamdulla, cited, 104. Hann, J., cited, 66. Hansa Union, operations of, 100. Harmer, F. W., cited, 115, 119. Heat, and earthquakes, 292; earth's internal, 18. Hedin, S., cited, 88. Heim, A., cited, 190. Heligoland, flood in, 99. Helland-Hansen, B., cited, 174. Helmert, F. R., cited, 302. Henderson, L. J., cited, 9, 10, 11, 12. Henry, A. J., cited, 94, 208. Hercynian Mountains, 45. High pressure and glaciation, 115, 135. Himalayas, glaciation, 144; origin of, 193; snow line, 139. Himley, cited, 104. Historic pulsations, 24 f.; nature of, 57 ff. History, climate of, 64-97; climatic pulsations and, 26. Hobbs, W. H., cited, 115, 125, 135, 161. Hot springs, temperature of, 6. Humphreys, W. J., cited, 2, 37 f., 45, 46, 50, 56, 238. Hurricanes, in arid regions, 144; sunspots and, 53. Hyades, cluster in, 268. Ice, accumulations, 57 f.; advances of, 122; distribution of, 131; drift, 105. Ice sheets, disappearance, 128; limits, 120; localization, 130 ff.; rate of retreat, 165; thickness, 125. Iceland, submergence, 219. Iowan ice sheet, rapid retreat, 165. Iowan loess, 158. India, drought, 104 f.; famine, 104 f.; rainfall, 108. Indian glaciation, 266. Inter-glacial epoch, Permian, 153. Internal heat of earth, 212. Ireland, Drumkelin Bog, 220; in glacial period, 119; level of land, 220; storminess and rainfall, 107; submergence, 219. Irish Sea, tides, 191. Irrigation ditches, abandoned, 97. Isostasy, 307 ff. Italy, southern, climate of, 86 f. Japan, earthquakes of, 296. Javanese mountains, origin of, 193. Jaxartes, 108. Jeans, J. H., cited, 251, 252, 253, 266, 272. Jeffreys, H., cited, 302, 303, 306. Jeffreys, J., cited, 191. Jericho, palms in, 92. Jerusalem, rainfall, 86; rainfall and temperature, 94; rainfall in, and sequoia growth, 83 ff. Johnson, cited, 226. Judea, palms in, 92. Jupiter, and sunspots, 243; effect of, 253; periodicity of, 61 f.; temperature of, 258; tidal effect of, 250. Jurassic, climate, 266; mountain ranges, 44. Kansas, variations of seasons, 103. Kara Koshun marsh, Lop Nor, 104. Keewatin center, 113; evaporation in, 129. Keewatin ice sheet, 121. Kelvin, Lord, cited, 13 f. Keyes, C. R., cited, 156. Kirk, E., cited, 287.