XIV. The Effect of Other Bodies on the Sun 242 XV. The Sun's Journey through Space 264 XVI. The Earth's Crust and the Sun 285 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE Fig. 1. Climatic changes and mountain building 25 Fig. 2. Storminess at sunspot maxima vs. minima 54 Fig. 3. Relative rainfall at times of increasing and decreasing sunspots 58, 59 Fig. 4. Changes of climate in California and in western and central Asia 75 Fig. 5. Changes in California climate for 2000 years, as measured by growth of Sequoia trees 77 Fig. 6. Distribution of Pleistocene ice sheets 123 Fig. 7. Permian geography and glaciation 145 Fig. 8. Effect of diminution of storms on movement of water 175 Fig. 9. Cretaceous Paleogeography 201 Fig. 10. Climatic changes of 140,000 years as inferred from the stars 279 Fig. 11. Sunspot curve showing cycles, 1750 to 1920 283 Fig. 12. Seasonal distribution of earthquakes 299 Fig. 13. Wandering of the pole from 1890 to 1898 303 TABLES PAGE 1. The Geological Time Table 5 2. Types of Climatic Sequence 16 3. Correlation Coefficients between Rainfall and Growth of Sequoias in California 80 4. Correlation Coefficients between Rainfall Records in California and Jerusalem 84 5. Theoretical Probability of Stellar Approaches 260 6. Thirty-Eight Stars Having Largest Known Parallaxes 276, 277 7. Destructive Earthquakes from 1800 to 1899 Compared with Sunspots 289 8. Seasonal March of Earthquakes 295 9. Deflection of Path of Pole Compared with Earthquakes 305 10. Earthquakes in 1903 to 1908 Compared with Departures of the Projected Curve of the Earth's Axis from the Eulerian Position 306 CHAPTER I THE UNIFORMITY OF CLIMATE