From the scrubbers the gas is sent through another series of vessels
packed with trays of lime or oxide of iron, in order to remove
sulphuretted hydrogen and other sulphur compounds as completely as
possible. A small quantity of carbon dioxide is also removed by these
"purifiers," as the presence of this gas impairs the illuminating power of
coal-gas. From the purifiers the gas passes into the gas-holders, where it
is stored for distribution. It remains only to be stated that the
distillation of coal is effected under a pressure somewhat less than that
of the atmosphere, the products of distillation being pumped out of the
retorts by means of a kind of air-pump, called an exhauster, which is
interpolated between the hydraulic main and the condenser, or at some
other part of the purifying system. The coke left in the retort is used as
fuel for burning under the retorts or for other purposes. The oxide of
iron used in the purifiers can be used over and over again for a certain
number of times by exposing it to the air, and when it is finally
exhausted, the sulphur can be burnt out of it and used for making that
most important of all chemical products, sulphuric acid. Thus the small
quantity of sulphur present in the original coal (probably in the form of
iron pyrites) is rendered available for the manufacture of a useful
product.
The necessarily brief description of this important industry will suffice
for the general reader. Those who desire further information on points of
detail will refer to special works. We are here rather concerned with the
subsequent fate of the different products, four of which have to be dealt
with, viz. the gas, watery liquor, tar, and coke. The first and last of
these having already been accounted for--the one as an illuminating agent
and the other as fuel--may now be dismissed.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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