Striking contrast between hysteria and dementia præcox--Extroversion and Introversion--Repression--Hysterical transference and repression the mechanism of extroversion--Depreciation of the external world the mechanism of introversion--The nervous temperament pre-exists the illness--Examples of the two types from literature--James's Tough and Tender-minded--Warringer's Sympathy and Abstraction--Schiller's Naïf and Sentimental--Nietzsche's Apollien and Dionysian--Gross's Weakness and Reinforcement of Consecutive Function--Freud and Adler's Causalism and Finality--The fundamental need for further study of the two types. CHAPTER XII THE PSYCHOLOGY OF DREAMS 299 Psychic structure of dream contrasted with that of conscious thought--Why a dream seems meaningless--Freud's empirical evidence--Technique, analysis of a dream--The causal and teleological view of the dream--A typical dream with mythological content--Compensating function of dreams--Phallic symbols. CHAPTER XIII THE CONTENT OF THE PSYCHOSES 312 Discussion of psychological _v._ physical origin of mental disease--Mediæval conception of madness as work of evil spirits--Development of materialistic idea that diseases of the mind are diseases of the brain--Psychiatrists have come to regard function as accessory to the organ--Analysis of patients entering Burgholzi Asylum--A quarter only show lesions of the brain--The psychiatry of the future must advance by way of psychology--Cases of dementia præcox illustrating recent methods in psychiatry--The development of the outbreak at a moment of great emotion--Delusions determined by deficiencies in the patient's personality--Difficulties of investigation--Temporary remission of mental symptoms proves that reason survives in spite of preoccupation with diseased thoughts--Case of dementia præcox, showing exceeding richness of phantasy formations, and the continuity of ideas. PART II. 336