Colter's Hell and Jackson's Hole: The Fur Trappers' Exploration of the Yellowstone and Grand Teton Park RegionMattes, Merrill J.
History
Colter's Hell and Jackson's Hole: The Fur Trappers' Exploration of the Yellowstone and Grand Teton Park Region
Mattes, Merrill J.
Grand Teton National Park (Wyo.); Yellowstone National Park
Three significant events occurred in connection with the rendezvous of
1834. (1) En route from St. Louis, Sublette and Campbell began the
building of Fort Laramie (originally Fort William) on the North Platte.
(2) Nathaniel Wyeth, embarking on a second venture, brought in trade
goods which were not accepted, and so resorted to the establishment of
Fort Hall near the junction of the Snake and Portneuf. The advent of
these two fixed trading posts prophesied an end to the traditional
rendezvous system. Also (3), at the rendezvous the partnership of the
Rocky Mountain Fur Company was dissolved, Fraeb and Gervais selling out
their interests. The remaining partners—Fitzpatrick, Bridger, and Milton
Sublette—formed a new firm, but they made an agreement with Fontenelle
which gave the American Fur Company a virtual monopoly of the Rocky
Mountain fur trade.
Among those whom Nathaniel Wyeth had left at Fort Hall in 1834 was a
young man named Osborne Russell, whose subsequent career as a trapper
was hardly typical, for among his trapping accessories were copies of
Shakespeare and the Bible! Although later a prominent pioneer of Oregon
and California, his claim to fame rests on his Journal of a Trapper,
which “as a precise and intimate firsthand account of the daily life of
the trapper explorer ... has no equal,” except that of Warren A. Ferris,
who left the mountain scene just as Russell arrived. On the 15th of June
1835 a party of fourteen trappers and ten camp keepers was made up.
Writes Russell:
Here we again fell on to Lewis’ Fork, which runs in a southerly
direction through a valley about eighty miles long, there turning to
the mountains through a narrow cut in the mountain to the mouth of
Salt River, about thirty miles. This valley was called ‘Jackson Hole.’
It is generally from five to fifteen miles wide. The southern part
where the river enters the mountains is hilly and uneven, but the
northern portion is wide, smooth and comparatively even, the whole
being covered with wild sage and surrounded by high and rugged
mountains upon whose summit the snow remains during the hottest months
in summer. The alluvial bottoms along the river and streams
intersecting it through the valley produced a luxuriant growth of
vegetation, among which wild flax and a species of onion were
abundant. The great altitude of this place, however, connected with
the cold descending from the mountains at night, I think would be a
serious obstruction to the growth of most kinds of cultivated grains.
This valley, like all other parts of the country, abounded with game.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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