Strong resemblances exist between the origin-legends of all the different
Pueblo tribes, though each has its own variants. There is almost total
absence of intimate studies of the Ácoma tradition, such as have been
made with elaborate care and detail for both the Hopi and the Zuñi. It
is not possible to set forth any origin or religious myths as positively
or exclusively those of the Ácomas, yet since they, like the people of
Sía, only seventy miles away, both belong to the Keresan nation, we feel
something like assurance in assuming that the Ácoma legends must be
closely similar[177] to those described in the distinguished researches
of Sía.
To all Pueblo Indians the world was flat and round, like a great
disk. Before there was any life, the All-Father existed alone in the
Somewhere, and immemorial darkness covered all space. This primal
All-Father “thought outward into space” until mists finally penetrated
the thick and universal blackness, and the Middle Place appeared,
guarded by Six Warriors. In some legends, a god named Po-shai-an-ki-a
is identical with the All-Father, whereas in others he is only an early
culture hero, giver of domestic animals and of wealth. In the larger
number of legends the Spider—Sussistinnaka[178]—is the All-Father,
sometimes spoken of as a male, and in other tribes as a female, deity.
In Sía myths, however, the spider is the first living creature of the
underworld, dominating the actions of all other beings.
The creation of light follows that of the Middle Place, and the sun
becomes not only an emanation from the All-Father, but the Supreme Being
himself,[179] and Mother Earth is his complement. The Pueblo world is
divided into six regions, each having its centre in a spring somewhere
in the heart of a great mountain, on whose summit is a gigantic tree. I
combine the phrasing of the myths of two Keresan pueblos to make more
clear these six “points of the compass,” as we call them.[180] Each of
them has its especial color-symbol, which, however, is not uniformly
assigned by all tribes.
Tree Region Guardian Warrior
1. Mountain of the North Spruce Barren Plains Long Tail
(_Mountain Lion_)
2. Mountain of the West Pine Home of Waters Clumsy Foot
(_Bear_)
3. Mountain of the South Oak Place of Beautiful Blackmark-Face
Red (_Badger_)
4. Mountain of the East Aspen Home of the Day Hangtail
(_Wolf_)
5. Mountain of the Zenith Cedar Home of the High Whitecap
(_Eagle_)
6. Mountain of the Nadir Oak Home of the Low _Mole_
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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