Constantly forced after this to be on their guard against plots and
ambush, the explorers settled themselves for a time at Puaray (a little
above the present city of Albuquerque), from which place excursions were
made in various directions. On one of these, going westward, hoping
to find Zuñi, they reached “a well-fortified pueblo named Ácoma, the
best there is in Christendom.” It is described by their diarist as
having five hundred houses of three and four storeys. This, then, is
the next definite mention of the Peñol. Here they were told that with
two days’ further march inland they would reach many pueblos and mines;
consequently they did not linger at Ácoma or make any close examination
of its people or their civilization.
With the remainder of this expedition[46] we have no further connection
beyond the fact that, when they had returned to San Bartolomé and
reported that they had reluctantly left behind their two friars, the
order of St. Francis at once bestirred itself to attempt their rescue.
On the tenth of December, 1582, the endeavor was inaugurated under
the leadership of Antonio de Espéjo, who offered to finance the whole
undertaking. One of the soldiers in Espéjo’s company, Miguel Sanchez
Valenciano, took with him his wife, Doña Casilda de Amaya, and their two
young children, an astonishing example of courage on her part. She was
in consequence the first white woman to enter New Mexico, the heart of
the continent, a third of a century before the Puritans brought their
families to Massachusetts.
Espéjo knew full well about the death of Fray Santa María, for Bustamente
and Gallegos, the two chroniclers, had already gone to Mexico City to
report the whole story of their experiences.[47] There were rumors, too,
that the other friars had been massacred since the soldiers left. But
the uncertainty must be removed. It was, however, a full year later that
Espéjo confirmed the truth of the massacres, when he reached Puaray. The
avowed purpose of the _entrada_ was now accomplished. Espéjo, however,
was not without other ambitions, and finding that his religious adviser,
Padre Beltrán, was in sympathy with him, he decided to make further
advances into adjacent lands. One of the routes took them as far as Jémez
and thence to Ácoma.
Espéjo’s narrative describes the fortress of Ácoma as follows:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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