We set out from this province, Emexes [now known as Jémez],
toward the west, and after going three days, or about fifteen
leagues, we found a pueblo called Ácoma, which it appeared to
us must be more than fifty _estados_ in height. In the very
rock, stairs are built by which they ascend and descend from
the town, which is very strong. They have cisterns of water
at the top and many provisions stored within the pueblo. Here
they gave us many mantas, deerskins and strips of buffalo-hide,
tanned as they tan them in Flanders, and many provisions,
consisting of maize and turkeys. These people have their
fields two leagues from the pueblo on a river of medium size
whose waters they intercept for irrigating purposes, as they
water their fields with many partitions of the water near this
river, in a marsh. Near the fields we found many bushes of
Castilian roses. We also found Castilian onions, which grow in
this country by themselves, without planting or cultivation.
The mountains thereabouts apparently give promise of mines
and other riches, but we did not go to see them as the
people from there were many and warlike. The mountain people
come to aid those of the settlements, who call the mountain
people Querechos.[48] They carry on trade with those of the
settlements, taking to them salt, game, such as deer, rabbits,
and hares, tanned deerskins, and other things with which the
government pays them.
In other respects they are like those of the other provinces.
In our honor they performed a very ceremonious _mitote_ and
dance, the people coming out in fine array. They performed many
juggling feats, some of them very clever with live snakes.[49]
Both of these things were well worth seeing. They gave us
liberally of food and of all else of which they had. And thus,
after three days, we left this province.[50]
Four days’ march from Ácoma to the westward brought the party as far as
Cíbola (Zuñi), where they halted at the village of Hálona, the present
pueblo of the tribe.[51]
The great achievement by Espéjo was the new approach, making the third
pathway from Mexico to the north, and to this re-discovered province
which he called Nueva Andalucía. Soon afterward it was permanently
christened Nuevo Mexico.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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