Nothing appears more simple than to cut out a ball which can be felt at the distance of an inch, or even half an inch below the skin, but the young surgeon often finds it more difficult than he expected, because he makes his incision too small; and cannot at all times oppose sufficient resistance to prevent the ball from retreating before the effort he makes for its expulsion with the forceps or other instrument. The ball also requires to be cleared from the surrounding cellular substance, to a greater extent than might at first be imagined; for all that seems to be required is, that a simple incision be made down to the surface of it, when it will slip out, which is not usually the case. When a ball has been lodged for years, a membranous kind of sac is formed around it, which shuts it in as it were from all communication with the surrounding parts. If it should become necessary to extract a ball which has been lodged in this manner, the membranous sac will often be found to adhere so strongly to the ball that it cannot be got out without great difficulty, and sometimes not without cutting out a portion of the adhering sac. It often occurs that a ball lodges and cannot be found, especially where it has struck against a bone, and slanted off in a different direction. If the ball should lodge in the cellular tissue between two muscles, it often descends by its gravity to a considerable distance, and excites a low degree of irritation, which slowly brings it to the surface, or terminates in abscess. Colonel Ross, of the Rifle Brigade, was wounded at the battle of Waterloo by a musket-ball, which entered at the upper part of the arm and injured the bone. More than one surgeon had pointed out the way by which it had passed under the scapula and lodged itself in some of the muscles of the back. About a year afterward I extracted it close to the elbow, the ball lying at the bottom of an abscess, which was only brought near the surface by time, by the use of flannel, and by desisting from all emollient applications.[1] [Footnote 1: Various instruments have been invented for the removal of balls which have been deeply lodged in soft parts; but little assistance has been derived from them hitherto, although many of them are very ingenious.]