Comparative Breeding Behavior of Ammospiza caudacuta and A. maritimaWoolfenden, Glen Everett
Science
Comparative Breeding Behavior of Ammospiza caudacuta and A. maritima
Woolfenden, Glen Everett
Sparrows
_A. m. maritima_ is monogamous, the pair-bond being maintained
throughout a breeding cycle. _A. c. caudacuta_ is promiscuous,
relations between the sexes being limited to copulation. For _A. c.
subvirgata_ a relationship other than promiscuity has been intimated
(Lewis, 1920:587-589). Concerning observations of the nest he found at
Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, Lewis wrote: "The nest was found after I had
quietly watched the parent Sparrows for about an hour, while they were
bringing food to their young.... The male sang from time to time from a
piece of driftwood on the marsh about 30 feet distant from the nest.
When I was examining the nest and the young birds, the parents made no
demonstration for some minutes, but later they came near and uttered
chip's, much like those of Savannah Sparrows."
NESTS
I found the nests of all eight pairs of Seaside Sparrows which nested
on the Lavallette study island in 1955. Four nests were supported by
marsh-elder bushes, three of which were dead. These nests were placed
low enough to be hidden by numerous stems of black grass, as were the
other four nests. Of the remaining four nests, three were placed in
tussocks of black grass and the fourth one gained support mostly from
cord-grass stems. The eight nests ranged from 9 to 11 inches (9.6 inch
average) from the rim to the ground, the four nests in the bushes being
the highest. The outside diameters of the nests ranged from 3 to 4.5
inches (3.9 inch average) and the outside depth varied between 2 and
3.5 inches (2.7 inch average). Seven of the nests had an inside depth
of 1.5 inches; the other one was only an inch from the rim to the
floor. The inside diameter of the cup varied between 2 and 2.5 inches.
As mentioned above all eight nests were shielded by stems of black
grass. Stems were not woven over the nests by the birds; rather it was
the choice of the nest sites that resulted in the concealment. The only
plant used for nest material was black grass.
In all cases the black grass limited the directions from which the
nests could be entered. Six of the nests were approached from a
direction varying between northeast and southeast. The prevailing winds
of spring and summer are from the south and southwest; the black grass
consequently leans in the opposite direction. The remaining two nests
were entered from the northwest. These were nests built in marsh-elder
bushes where the grass stems were held upright by the branches of the
bushes.
One nest, built in a small dead marsh-elder bush, was tilted by the
growth of stems of black grass which were used for support on one side.
This tilting did not cause the contents to spill, but, I judged, did
cause the adults to desert the nest.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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