Comparative Breeding Behavior of Ammospiza caudacuta and A. maritimaWoolfenden, Glen Everett
Science
Comparative Breeding Behavior of Ammospiza caudacuta and A. maritima
Woolfenden, Glen Everett
Sparrows
Nests of both species were found in tussocks of black grass. The
locations of these sites differed. The Sharp-tailed Sparrow prefers the
higher and therefore dryer portions of the marsh where black grass is
the characteristic plant. Contrastingly the Seaside Sparrow almost
always chooses the wetter portions of the marsh (Cruickshank, 1942:45;
Forbush and May, 1939:514; Stone, 1937:906; personal observations)
where several species of plants are abundant. In areas that have been
ditched, as have almost all marshes in New Jersey, the mound of
excavated muck is ideal for the growth of marsh-elder. Rows of these
bushes are present on many of the marshes of New Jersey (pl. 3, fig.
a). The location of four of the eight Seaside Sparrow nests in these
"hedgerows" indicates that they provide suitable, if not preferred,
sites for the species.
EGGS AND INCUBATION
I found no nests of either species before they contained a complete
complement of eggs and therefore was unable to ascertain the incubation
period for these species. Brood patches were evident on female
Sharp-tailed Sparrows by June 1, probably indicating that laying began
near this date. Cruickshank (1942:456) lists egg dates of the
Sharp-tailed Sparrow as concentrated in early June, with extremes of
May 19 and August 4. He thinks the species probably has two broods. For
the Seaside Sparrow, Cruickshank (1942:458) states there is probably
but one brood and that egg dates are concentrated in early June, with
extremes May 23 and July 2. Stone (1937:907, 911) considers four eggs a
normal clutch for both species, but cites instances where three and
five eggs were thought to be complete sets. Four of the eight Seaside
Sparrow nests I found contained at least three eggs, and four contained
at least four eggs. Four of the five Sharp-tailed Sparrow nests I found
contained at least three eggs and one contained four eggs.
Female Seaside Sparrows do all of the incubation. The male, while the
female is on the nest, remains a short distance away. He sings often
and gives alarm notes when there is a local disturbance. These chipping
notes bring the female off the nest, and then they both chip at the
intruder. The male accompanies the female to the feeding grounds and
normally they return together.
As previously mentioned, male Sharp-tailed Sparrows take no part in the
nesting activities.
YOUNG
I studied growth and changes in behavior of the young. Since I could
see no behavioral differences between the nestlings of the two species,
this subject will be discussed jointly for the two forms.
_Growth_
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