The second group is the group of what I shall call the ordinary State hospital type of psychosis. This includes the type of individual that we ordinarily find in State hospitals, that has always been recognized, that is usually called “insane”, and that for the most part was discovered by the army rather than created by war conditions, although it must be recognized that a certain number in this group might, under the ordinary circumstances of life, have remained stable, at least much longer than they did. However, there is nothing unusual or extraordinary or unfamiliar in this group to the average physician of State hospital experience. With regard to the treatment of this group, however, it should be said that the great stimulus which came to psychiatry because of the war came because the country discovered, and was astounded by the discovery, that it had distributed throughout the length and breadth of its population a vastly greater proportion of defective and mentally ill individuals than it had the remotest dream of. Because of this stimulus which psychiatry received, the matter of treatment has received very much more intensive thought with the net result that there are today more well recognized agencies for dealing with this class of patients than ever before. Very briefly these agencies may be considered under the following heads, some of which of course are not only well known and well recognized, but have been used for many years, whereas others that are perhaps equally well recognized have only received wide application recently. The _first_ of these agencies, perhaps, is the application of the general principles of medicine and surgery to the treatment of the sick individual. In other words, the patient’s general health becomes a problem for inquiry and appropriate consideration, irrespective of his mental state, on the general theory that physical health is at least the best condition precedent for undertaking a restoration to mental equilibrium. The _second_ of these agencies is the complement of the first, and is best designated under the general term of psycho-therapy and consists in the recognition of the mental disease as such irrespective of whether there can be found any physical foundation for it or not, and on the basis of such recognition endeavors to deal with it as a thing in itself. In passing I may say that theoretically the best results would come if these two agencies could work hand in hand each with sufficient understanding of the other.