Judiciary, power of, to control Executive, 34, 35; power of, to control Congress, 35, 36; change of party color in, 37; power of Congress over, 38, 39. Judiciary Act of 1789, 39. Kentucky, protest of, against Alien and Sedition Laws, 21. Leaders, absence of authoritative, in Congress, 58, 92, 205, 212, 315; lacking in parties of U. S., 187; raised up by the constitutional struggles before the war, 199 _et seq_.; slavery and anti-slavery, 201, 202; no offices for political, in U. S., 203; training necessary for, 255, 256; political, authority of, in England, 323. Leadership, conditions of political, in U. S., 204 _et seq_., 323; character of legislative, 206 _et seq_.; lack of, in Senate, 212, 213; the prize of, 214; lack of, in U. S. makes parties conglomerate, 324. "Legal tender" decision, 33, n., 38. Legislation, character of, determined by privileges of Committees and necessity for haste, 74; compromise character of, in Congress, 101; conglomerate and heterogeneous, 113, 325; part of President in, by virtue of veto power, 260, 266; and administration contrasted, 273, 274; Buckle on present value of, 295; nature of present task of, 295, 296; generates legislation, 297; not more important than administration, 297; general function of, 301, 302; tendency toward widening sphere of, 316, 317. Legislative service divorced from Executive, in U. S., 251-253. "Letter" of Secretary of Treasury to Congress, 149, 153. Lincoln, President, 259, 283, n. "Literary theory" of the Constitution, 12, 268, 284; marred by growth of federal powers, 30. Lobbying in Congress, 189, 190. Lodge, H. C., quoted with regard to Hamilton, 21, 22. "Log-rolling," 169. Lords, House of, Bagehot on, 220. Louisiana, purchase of, 20, 43. Lowell, J. R., on "government by declamation," 318. Macaulay, criticism of legislative leadership by, 207. Machiavelli, on responsibility of ministers, 275. Maclay, Wm., Sketches of First Senate by, quoted, 24, n. McMaster, J. B., quoted, 19. Madison, President, 165, refuses to meet Senate, 234, n. _Magna Carta_, and the Constitution of U. S., 7. Member, the new, embarrassments of, in the House, 61 _et seq_. Members, suppression of independence and ability amongst, in the House, by the Rules, 110. Membership, of Senate, made up by promotions from House, 210; of Senate, biennially renewed in part, 228, 229. Mill, J. S., "legislative commission" proposed by, 115, 129, 192. Ministry, parliamentary debate centres around British, 95; disintegrate, in Congress, 102; parliamentary position of British, 95, 244; British, a single Standing Committee of Parliament, 117; necessity of public debate to British, 119; British, compared with French, 123, 124, 129; history of parliamentary responsibility of British, 286-288. Monroe, President, 165, 252. "Morning hours," 73. _Nation_, the, letter to, on federal financial system, quoted, 191; on status of Cabinet, quoted, 269.