The Name, 195--Held's Vindication of it, 196--Objections to it, 197--Founders of the Historical School, 200--Their Departure from Manchester Party, 202--Eisenach Congress, 202--The Historical Method, 204--The Historical School a Realist School, 205--An Ethical School, 209--Their Theory of the State, 211--The Social Question, 212--Von Scheel, 215--Brentano, 215. CHAPTER VII. THE CHRISTIAN SOCIALISTS. Socialism and Christianity, 218--Views of St. Simon and Cabet, 218--Irreligious Character of Contemporary Socialism, 219--The Christian Socialists of England in 1850, 220--Those of Germany now, 223--The Catholic Group, 223--Ketteler, 224--Moufang, 230--Protestant Group, 233--Stöcker, Todt, 234--Christian Social Working Men's Party, 239--The Social Monarchical Union, 241--The Evangelical Social Congress of 1890, 241--Is there a Specific Christian Social Politics? 242--Christian Socialism in Austria, 242--In France, 243--International Catholic Social Congress of 1890 at Liège, 243--The Pope's Encyclical, 245. CHAPTER VIII. ANARCHISM. Recent Activity of Anarchists, 247--Individualist Anarchists and Communist Anarchists, 248--Latter are Ultra-Socialist, 249--Ultra-Democratic, 250--Proudhon's Anarchic Government, 250--No Representative Institutions, 251--Prince Krapotkin's Plan for Housing the Poor, 252--The Russian _Mir_ the Anarchist Model of Government, 252--Anarchism Atheistic, 254--Ultra-revolutionary, 255--Propaganda of Deed, 256--Disunity and Weakness of Anarchism, 257. CHAPTER IX. RUSSIAN NIHILISM. Haxthausen's Opinion of Russia's Safety from Socialism, 259--Successive Phases of Nihilism, 260--Origin of Nihilism, 261--Influence of the Rural Commune on Revolutionary Thought, 262--Decabrist Conspiracy of 1825, 263--Extreme Opinions at Russian Universities in Reign of Nicholas, 264--Ascension of Alexander II., 264--Alexander Herzen, 265--Turgenieff and the word Nihilist, 266--Koscheleff and Fircks's Accounts of Nihilism, 267--Causes of it, 268--Nihilist Sunday Schools, Tchernycheffsky, 269--Effect of Emancipation of Serfs, 270--Ruined Landlords, 270--Jews, 271--Heretics, 272--Bakunin, 273--Herzen's Recantation of Revolutionism, 273--Bakunin in London, 274--His "Amorphism," 274--His Picture of the Good Revolutionist, 275--Netchaïeff founds Branches of the International in Russia, 276--The first Attempt on the Czar, 276--Reversion to Arbitrary and Despotic Government, 276--Bakunin and Lavroff at Zurich, 278--"Going into the People," 279--Secret Societies, 280--Nihilist Arrests and Trials, 281--Terrorism, 282--Assassination of Czar, 283--Present Socialist Parties, 283--The Black Division Party, 283--Alarming Growth of a Proletariat in Russia, 284--Impoverishment of Peasantry, 286--Break up of Communistic System, 288--Dissolution of House Communities, 289--The Black Division, 292--The Labour Emancipation League, 295. CHAPTER X. SOCIALISM AND THE SOCIAL QUESTION.