This experiment with potassium bichromate lends itself admirably to
lantern demonstration with the projection microscope. When the drop of
hot concentrated solution is first placed on the warmed microscope slip,
and the latter laid on the stage, nothing visible on the screen happens
for a minute or two, the solution becoming, however, more or less
rapidly cooled. But suddenly, the drop having cooled sufficiently to
bring the solution to the labile condition of supersaturation
corresponding to the conditions for spontaneous crystallisation
indicated by the supersolubility curve, arborescent or feathery growths
begin to shoot out from various points in the field, often near the
margin, and traverse the screen so rapidly that in a moment or two it is
filled with them. The crystallisation then slows down once more, the
labile shower of excess having become exhausted, and the terminations of
the branches and ramifications begin to develop into good little
crystals, which thus hang like fruit on a tree. The experiment is
rendered the more brilliant and beautiful by the bright orange colour of
the crystals.
In Fig. 101, Plate XI., facing page 88, a reproduction of a photograph
of a similar crystallisation from a labile solution of ammonium chloride
is given. This salt is also particularly suitable for screen
demonstrations. The beautiful skeletal ramifications follow the axial
directions of the cubic axes, ammonium chloride crystallising in the
pentagonal-icositetrahedral class of the cubic system. Good crystals
may, however, be very slowly grown from metastable solutions, and they
usually exhibit as the principal forms the icositetrahedron
(predominating), cube, octahedron, rhombic dodecahedron, and the
class-distinguishing pentagonal icositetrahedron. The rapid growths by
spontaneous crystallisation of labile solutions, however, invariably
take the form of the rectangularly branching feathery crystals shown in
Fig. 101.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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