Culinary Chemistry: The Scientific Principles of Cookery, with Concise Instructions for Preparing Good and Wholesome Pickles, Vinegar, Conserves, Fruit Jellies, Marmalades, and Various Other Alimentary Substances Employed in Domestic Economy, with Observations on the Chemical Constitution and Nutritive Qualities of Different Kinds of Food.Accum, Friedrich Christian
Science
Culinary Chemistry: The Scientific Principles of Cookery, with Concise Instructions for Preparing Good and Wholesome Pickles, Vinegar, Conserves, Fruit Jellies, Marmalades, and Various Other Alimentary Substances Employed in Domestic Economy, with Observations on the Chemical Constitution and Nutritive Qualities of Different Kinds of Food.
Accum, Friedrich Christian
Cooking; Food poisoning
It is, perhaps, owing to the different quality and quantity of food, as
much as any thing, that the season of the year has an effect upon the
flesh of animals; the heat or cold of the weather, and in some cases,
the periodical return of sexual attachment, must also be taken int to
be out of seasono account. In the instances of veal and lamb, the words,
_in season, and out of season_, refer, perhaps, more to plenty and
scarceness than to any quality in the meat; for as soon as any thing is
so plentiful in the market as to cause a fall in the price, and bring it
within reach of the poor, then the wealthy classes pronounce it to be
_out of season_.
This is the case with some sorts of birds which migrate at certain times
of the year, the woodcock for example, and are on that account to be
valued when they can be procured. Such as breed here, the solan goose
for example, can be procured in the young state before they take their
flight to their unknown retreat.
It has been roundly asserted, that there is no bird, and no part of any
birds, which may not be safely used as food. Many species, however, are
very oily, tough, or bad flavoured, and it is not at least very
desirable to eat any animal which feeds on prey or carrion; even though
this did not, as it does, taint their flesh. The qualities of the flesh
of birds differ very much, both in the several species, and in
particular parts of the same bird.
The flesh of birds which live on grain, is for the most part preferred
to those which feed on insects or fish.
The pheasant, the turkey, as well as partridge, and moor game, are more
esteemed than goose, duck, or woodcock.
Many of the water birds, however, are preferred, though from the nature
of their food, they are apt to taste strongly of fish, and to become too
fat and oily: to remedy these defects, skilful cooks sometimes bury
them under ground for some days, and carefully remove all the skin, and
as much as possible of the fat and oil from the inside, before dressing
them.
Of the several sorts of birds, those of larger size are coarser and more
tough than the smaller sorts; bustards, and larks, and ortolans, for
example, than swans, or turkeys, and geese. This difference is also
rendered greater in proportion to their age.
With regard to the particular parts of the same birds, the flesh of the
wing, and the part of the breast nearest the wing, consisting of the
muscles exerted in flying, are more dry, tender, and of a whiter colour
than the muscles of the leg. This, however, is not the case with black
game, in which the more superficial of these muscles are dark-coloured,
while those deeper seated are pale; and the same is sometimes seen in
other birds. The belly and the muscles of the thigh, when young enough,
or when long kept and properly cooked, are both palatable, juicy, and
sufficiently tender. The tendons of these muscles, however, are very
tough, and at a certain age become cartilaginous and even bony.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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