This 'possible region' either consists of one single angular
magnitude, such that it, and it alone, is a 'possible amount'; or it
consists of a continuous series of angular magnitudes, lying between
2 'limits,' which 2 limits are such that any magnitude, lying between
them, is a 'possible amount,' and any magnitude, lying outside them, is
an 'impossible amount.'
PROP. V. Theorem.
[Pg 10]
The angles of any Triangle are together less than three right
angles.
Let a right angle be represented by '.'
Now any 2 of the angles of a Triangle are together less than ;
[Euc. I. 17.
, adding together the 3 pairs which may be taken, the 3
angles of a Triangle, taken twice over, are together less than ;
, taken once only, they are together less than .
Therefore the angles of any Triangle &c.
Q.E.D.
PROP. VI. Theorem.
There is a Triangle whose angles are together not-greater than two
right angles.
If we deny this, we must assert that any 'amount' is greater than
.
Let this be our First Hypothesis.
Now any 'amount' is less than .
[Prop. 5.
Hence the 'possible region' lies below ; i. e. it has a 'superior
limit.'
Now let a 'possible amount' be selected, more than half-way from
to the 'superior limit' of this region; and call it '.'
Then it is evident that will lie above this limit,
and will therefore be an 'impossible amount.'
[Pg 11]
Now any Triangle, whose 'amount' is , must be either
obtuse-angled, or right-angled, or acute-angled.
Hence we must assert that there is either an obtuse-angled Triangle, or
a right-angled Triangle, or an acute-angled Triangle, whose 'amount' is
.
Let these be our Second, our Third, and our Fourth Hypotheses.
Call the Triangle '.'
First, let it be obtuse-angled; and let be the obtuse angle.
At Point , in Line , make angle equal to angle
, making equal to ; and join and .
Then Triangle is equal, in all respects, to Triangle ;
[Euc. I. 4.
its 'amount' = ;
also 'amount' of Triangle is, by our First Hypothesis, greater
than ;
'amounts' of the 3 Triangles are together greater than
.
But these make up 'amount' of Triangle , plus angles about
, which = ;
[Euc. I. 13. Cor.
'amount' of Triangle , plus , is greater
than ;
this 'amount,' alone, is greater than ;
which is absurd, since the latter lies above the 'superior limit,' and
is therefore an 'impossible amount.'
Hence our Second Hypothesis is false; i.e. no obtuse-angled Triangle
can have the amount .
[Pg 12]
Secondly, let it be right-angled; and let be the right angle.
At Point , in Line , make angle equal to angle
, i. e. equal to ; and make ; and join .
Then , , are in one straight Line.
[Euc. I. 14.
Also Triangle is equal, in all respects, to Triangle ;
[Euc. I. 4.
its 'amount' = ;
'amounts' of the 2 Triangles together = .
But these make up 'amount' of Triangle , plus angles at ,
which = ;
'amount' of Triangle , plus ;
this 'amount,' alone, = ; which is absurd.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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