cycling volume of the Badminton Series, written by Lord Bury and G. Lacy Hillier, we take the following instructions: “‘Seated either on a bicycle slung so that the wheel may revolve, or upon a home-trainer, the beginner should raise the pedal to its highest point, and then, steadying the wheel with the brake, place his foot upon the pedal, carefully fitting the slots in his shoes into their places, and seeing in any case that the foot is straight. Then, using the thigh muscle for the most part, let him thrust the foot (and pedal) forward in a horizontal direction; in fact, a sort of sharp forward kick, having the heel dropped as low as possible, the toes well up, and the foot firmly set on the pedal, which will be at an angle. This should be practised carefully with the brake slightly on, and for this purpose, though a bicycle may be used, a tricycle will be found much handier. If no home-trainer is available, the brake can be put slightly on by means of a piece of string or strap to the lever, tied to any convenient point, and the novice can spend a few minutes daily practising this exercise; in carrying out which programme the left foot should at first be used more than the right. As soon as the usual awkwardness of the ankle-joint has been worked off this action will be found remarkably effective in starting the machine; after a time the ankle muscles, and those of the calf, will become stronger, and a sharp straightening of the ankle, as the pedal passes through segments 1 and 2, will materially aid the propulsion of the machine. This straightening of the ankle will be continued until the foot is brought into a position at right angles to the leg, the muscular effort of which should now have by equal gradations become directly downward. The pedal will now assume a horizontal position, and the power of the leg with the weight of the body and the pull of the arms will all be exerted to force it downward; at this point the crank throw is in the most effective position, and the hardest work is put in. When the pedal begins to follow a backward course, the ankle-action becomes of the greatest value. The toe is gradually dropped, and the heel raised as the pedal gets nearer and nearer to the lowest point, the action having at length reached the backward or “clawing” stage. To secure the full advantage of ankle-work, this “_clawing_” action must be very carefully practised; the toes should be sharply pressed upon the sole of the shoe as if they were trying to grasp something, whilst the ankle should be straightened as much as possible, the foot being almost in a line with the leg, the calf muscles being strongly retracted, and the backward pull (which of course requires fitted shoes) can be made practically effective through segment 5, and also of service well into segment 6. The ineffective portion