Cyclopedia of Commerce, Accountancy, Business Administration, v. 01 (of 10)American School of Correspondence
General
Cyclopedia of Commerce, Accountancy, Business Administration, v. 01 (of 10)
American School of Correspondence
Accounting; Business; Commerce
Another house, which does an exclusive mail-order business, keeps
accurate records of the sales resulting from circular letters, charging
the cost of the letters, including postage, to those sales. Records
are also kept of the sales of each correspondent. When an order is
received, the correspondence record is examined and, if the order is in
response to a dictated letter, the correspondent receives credit. Each
correspondent is required to keep a record of the number of dictated
and form letters that he uses, the cost of which is charged against
his sales. At the end of the month results are tabulated showing the
percentage of orders secured from circular letters and from dictated
letters; the amount of business from each letter of each correspondent;
and the percentage of cost to the cost of goods sold.
These and many other statistics can be tabulated, and for each a
special form is needed. The classes of information to be presented in
statistical form depend on the business. When it has been determined
what information will be of greatest value, forms should be prepared
which will make it possible to tabulate the desired facts with the
least labor.
ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
Commercial costs which are not chargeable to sales are classed as
administrative, and may be divided into _executive_, _accounting_,
_office expense_, _credits_, and _collections_.
In a strictly trading business, _purchasing_ is an added division,
while in a manufacturing enterprise it is usual to consider this a
manufacturing expense.
_Executive_ expense is made up of the salaries of the general manager
and comptroller, salaries of clerks and stenographers, and a proper
portion of miscellaneous expense. In a manufacturing business, a part
of the executive salaries is charged to manufacturing.
_Accounting_ expense includes the salaries of chief accountant and
cashier, clerks and stenographers, blank books and supplies, and
miscellaneous expense.
_Office_ expense is charged with the salary of the chief stenographer,
and the expense of mailing and filing, including salaries of clerks.
_Credits_ and _collection_ expense include the salaries of the credit
man and his clerks, the cost of mercantile agency service and reports,
and the cost of collections, including postage.
_Purchasing_ expense, which, as stated, sometimes is a commercial
expense, includes the salaries of purchasing agent, receiving clerk,
stores clerk and their assistants, and the entire expense of the
storeroom.
In a strictly trading business, such items as power, heat and
light, insurance and taxes--usually a manufacturing expense--become
administrative expense. These, and all similar items, are grouped under
the head of _miscellaneous_, to be distributed over all divisions of
commercial costs.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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