Cyclopedia of Commerce, Accountancy, Business Administration, v. 01 (of 10)American School of Correspondence
General
Cyclopedia of Commerce, Accountancy, Business Administration, v. 01 (of 10)
American School of Correspondence
Accounting; Business; Commerce
One of these ledger sheets is used for each installment contract. The
particulars of the contract are recorded at the head of the ledger
sheet, above the name and address. The particulars recorded are the
number of the contract, the amount and date, amount of payments,
collection day, and whether payments are to be made weekly or monthly.
The body of the form is ruled for a record of payments and balances.
The ledger sheets are arranged in alphabetical order, about
five-hundred sheets in each binder. Each alphabetical section is
separately indexed to afford quick reference to all accounts. If the
contract number only is known, reference is had to the installment
register, where all contracts are recorded in numerical order.
=Cash Receipts.= For installment collections, it is well to provide a
special cash receipt book. Such a form is shown in Fig. 25. This form
is used exclusively for installment receipts, and payments are posted
direct to the installment ledger. The total cash for the day is entered
as one item in the general cash book.
=Statement of Installment Ledger.= From an accounting standpoint,
installment accounts present certain difficulties not experienced
in the handling of other classes of accounts receivable. There is
always a question as to the real value of the accounts outstanding,
a doubt as to the advisability of including the total balances in a
statement of assets. A live account--one on which payments are being
made regularly--is legitimately considered as good an asset as any
other account receivable, but the value of the delinquent account--when
payments are past due--is questionable, and if included in a balance
sheet, the nature of the asset should be clearly stated.
That the actual condition of these accounts may be shown on the general
ledger, it is the better practice to carry two accounts, representing
live and delinquent accounts. Installment sales should be charged to an
_Installment Accounts Receivable_ account, and payments credited to the
same account, which then becomes a general ledger controlling account
of the live accounts in the installment ledger. Another account should
be opened in the general ledger under some such caption as _Installment
Accounts Delinquent_. When accounts become delinquent, they should be
transferred by journal entry to this account. The journal entry would
be:
_Installment Accounts Delinquent
Installment Accounts Receivable_
This transfer may be made daily, weekly, or monthly, but the period
between transfers should never be longer than one month. Delinquent
accounts may be indicated in the installment ledger by placing a metal
tab of some distinctive color on the ledger sheet or card, or they may
be segregated by transferring them to a special delinquent binder or
file.
[Illustration: Fig. 26. Daily Report of Installment Accounts for the
Credit Man]
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