Anaximenes, a follower of Anaximander, having doubtless pondered the fact that very heavy bodies can float in water if only they are the right shape, and that Earth itself was supposed by Thales to be floating on the Ocean, suggested that the moon is so broad a disc that she floats in the ether, “like a leaf,” and of course the same would apply to the sun. Two later philosophers, Empedocles and Anaxagoras, held that a great whirlwind swept continually round the Earth, which both kept the heavenly bodies from falling down upon it and drove them across the sky. Equally diverse were the opinions as to the nature and composition of the heavenly bodies. Most philosophers of this age believed that they were of pure fire, or else that they were vessels containing fire, which was extinguished, or in one way or another became invisible to us, during eclipses and when they set. Others held, as we have seen with Thales, that they were of an earthy nature; and Anaxagoras, seeing a meteorite which had fallen from the sky during the daytime, thought he actually held a piece of the sun in his hands, and concluded that the sun was an enormous mass of iron, “much greater than Peloponnesus,” and shone because it was red-hot. But the popular idea still was that the sun was a god, or the chariot driven by a god across the sky, and Anaxagoras was banished from Athens for his impious words.[27] The markings on the face of the moon were thought to prove that she was of mixed composition: she was made of air mingled with only a little fire, or earth mingled with fire; but according to Democritus the markings were shadows of mountains on her surface, and Anaxagoras is reported to have said that the moon was inhabited, and the markings were “plains and valleys.” ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [27] His life was saved by his illustrious pupil, Pericles, of whom the story is told that on one occasion, just as his army was embarking for an expedition, the sun was eclipsed, and his pilot was terrified. Pericles snatched off his cloak, and held it so as to hide himself from the man’s eyes. “Is that terrible? is that an evil omen?” he cried. “Then do not fear the disappearance of the sun, for it is just the same, only the thing that hides it is larger than my cloak.” ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Anaxagoras suggested that the stars were fragments torn off the circumference of the earth by the encircling whirlwind, and that they glowed with the heat caused by friction, though they were too distant for us to feel this heat, being far beyond the sun. The Milky Way was a source of speculation: some said it was the former path of the sun, and still burning from his heat, but Democritus explained it as caused by the shining of innumerable stars, too faint and close together to be distinguished separately.