Thus the nobility of Caen in their cahier talk of the “National
Contract,” and the clergy of Forez (after some remarks on the care and
cleansing of ponds) end up with an admirable little essay on individual
liberty, its limits and proper extension.[38] The nobility of Nantes
and of Meulan talk roundly of the “rights of man,”[39] and generally
this order calls for a Constitution—of which word they had in a very
short time supped and dined. With lesser men the demands are rather for
sublunary things, but the complaints that made Beugnot laugh give a good
picture. “To have one’s dogs killed if necessary but not hamstrung, to be
allowed to keep a cat, to be allowed to light a fire without paying dues,
to sell one’s wine when one liked;” and from the bourgeoisie, regular
trial, abolition of lettres de cachet, the old European policy that the
growth of rich corporations should be checked and much of their property
confiscated, the equalisation of taxation—such are the points upon which
(a mere redress) the great bulk of Frenchmen were determined. One might
sum up and say, “They demanded the freedom and common justice obtainable
in the modern State.” But the privileged orders, for all their phrases,
resisted when the time for reform was come, and their friction lit the
flame of the ideal, disastrously for themselves and happily for the world.
As for the cahier sent from the electoral district of Paris in which
Danton lived, it was destroyed by the Commune when they burnt the Hotel
de Ville in 1871. We know, however,[40] that it demanded “the destruction
of the Bastille,” a symbolic act ever present to the minds of Parisians,
and, for the matter of that, by several cahiers of the provincial
noblesse and clergy. There is no direct documentary evidence that Danton
helped to draw up this cahier, but I cannot believe that a man of such
influence in so small a space and among (comparatively) so few voters[41]
had nothing to do with the framing of this document, especially when we
consider the cry he gave as a boy, swimming in the river just beneath
the walls of the prison.[42] There is, however, nothing to prove it, and
he certainly took no memorable part in an action where all was tranquil
and even tedious.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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