[Transcriber’s Note: Italic text is denoted by _underscores_ and bold text by =equal signs=.] DARWINISM AND RACE PROGRESS DARWINISM AND RACE PROGRESS BY JOHN BERRY HAYCRAFT M.D., D.Sc., F.R.S.E. _Professor of Physiology, University College, Cardiff_ [Illustration: Publisher’s logo] SECOND EDITION LONDON SWAN SONNENSCHEIN & CO., LTD. NEW YORK: CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS 1900 FIRST EDITION, _January, 1895_; REPRINTED (WITH A FEW ALTERATIONS), _April, 1900_. To M. W. H. AND L. S. H. PREFACE In 1890 I gave a lecture to the Edinburgh Health Society, which appeared as No. 2 of their Eleventh Series. Its title is “The Importance of Ideals of Health, Beauty, etc., in Race Progress.” Much the same thesis considerably expanded was given by me in the form of three Milroy Lectures to the Royal College of Physicians of London in March, 1894, and appeared at the time almost verbatim in the _Lancet_. The present volume contains these lectures somewhat arranged to suit a less technically instructed audience. I am indebted to my colleague, Professor Richards, for his kindness and care in revising the proofs. JOHN BERRY HAYCRAFT. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, CARDIFF. _18th October, 1894._ CONTENTS CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY. PAGE Muscle and Brain versus Political Organisation--The Muscles and Brains of a Race are not bound to decay--The Fall of Greek and Roman Political Organisation--The Permanence of the Scandinavian and Jewish Types--Possible Racial Degeneration in Spain--Our Power to ensure our own Racial Progress--The Knowledge we possess regarding the Laws of Racial Change--Evolution--Modern Philanthropic Effort--Are these conducive to Racial as well as to Individual Well-being? 1–18 CHAPTER II. THE STANDPOINT OF BIOLOGISTS. Lamarck’s View on Heredity--Darwin’s Law of Selection--Three Ideas involved in Selection--Selection is a Fact, not a Theory--How much is explainable by Selection?--Galton and Weismann--Are Acquired Characters Transmitted?--Many Cases of Supposed Transmission to be explained by Selection--Paucity of Experimental Evidence of such Transmission--The Reproductive and the Body Cells--Reproductive Cells unaffected by Local Changes in the Body Cells--Constitutional Change may, though it rarely does, affect the Reproductive Cell--The Facts of Evolutive Selection known to the Gardener and Breeder 19–43 CHAPTER III. CAUSES AND SIGNS OF PHYSICAL DETERIORATION.