Modern Care for the Individual--Preventive Medicine--Micro-organisms of Diseases and their Extermination--The Reproductive Cells as a Rule unaffected by them--Man has been selected by the Action of the Microbes of Fever--Leprosy an Exterminator of the Unhealthy--Germs of Phthisis and Scrofula, our Racial Friends--If we stamp out Infectious Diseases we perpetuate Poor Types--Births, Deaths, and Marriages--Increase of Constitutional Weakness--Death-rate for Advanced Years on the Increase--Life Tables compared--Physical Degeneration of the Race already indicated 44–68 CHAPTER IV. INSANITY AND ALCOHOLISM. Nerve Derangements, Insanity--The Importance of preventing its Transmission--Marriages of Insane Persons--Alcoholism a Habit, and Alcoholism a Sign of Mental Instability--Drink is a Selective Agency--Parents who drink from Habit may have Debilitated Offspring--Preventive Measures--Drink among Australian Convicts--Drink and Prevention in America--Public Habit and Conscience the best Preventive--The Power of the Community over the Individual--The Necessity for replacing one Selective Agency by another--How it is that the Production of Children by Diseased Parents is tolerated--The Necessity for producing Posterity out of our Best Types 69–89 CHAPTER V. THE CRIMINALS, INCAPABLES, AND THOSE IN DISTRESS. Crime is often an Acquired Habit--The Innate Criminal--The Jukes Family--Intermarriage does not stamp out Criminal Tendencies--Segregation of the Criminal an Ultimate and Effectual Resort--Our Unfortunate Use of the Word “Poor”--The Unfortunate, the Aged, the Incapables, and the Vicious, are treated alike--Our Poor-law Regulations are at Fault--The Idle and Vicious are Subjects for the Criminal Law--The Poor in very Deed--Our Misguided Attitude to these--The Incapables--Segregation Ultimately Required for their Elimination--Incapables to be Treated like Chronic Hospital Patients 90–110 CHAPTER VI. COMPETITION. Competition of Brain against Brain--Does the Race show Increased Brain Capacity?--The Neolithic compared with the Modern English Skulls--Abeyance of Brain Development since Neolithic Times--Social Communities do not permit of the Destruction of the Less Intellectually Capable--Human Brain Power results merely in Wealth Accumulation--Further Study of Individual Competition--Those Competing are Handicapped by Property--Property is not always acquired by the Most Capable--Property Holders Less Capable than Property Acquirers--The Poor Child is scratched against the Rich Child--Modern Democratic Attempts to equalise the Struggle--Those who Succeed are Not Always the Best 111–134