CHAPTER VII. STERILITY OF THE CAPABLES. Are the More Capable Relatively Sterile?--If so, we are Breeding from our Incapables--Capable and Ambitious Men Marry Late in Life--Many Unmarried Persons among Upper Classes--Lower Class Marriages are the Most Prolific--Their Infant Mortality is Greater--Artificial Restriction of the Family--Fertility of French and English Marriages Contrasted--Possible Swamping of the Capables by the Incapables--Artificial Restrictions at Present Most Disastrous 135–153 CHAPTER VIII. OBLIGATION IN PARENTHOOD. Are we prepared to carry out Selective Methods?--Rights of the Individual, and Obligations to the Community--Rights of Children and our Obligation to them--Our Sense of Obligation is Developing--Social Philosophers and Social Reformers--Segregation is Not yet Practicable--Segregation no New Idea, and ultimately a Necessary Practice--The Masses must be Taught the Main Facts of Heredity and Evolution--The End and Aim of Marriage--Our False Ideas regarding Marriage--The Stream of Life 154–170 APPENDIX 171–180 DARWINISM AND RACE PROGRESS. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY. _Muscle and Brain versus Political Organisation._ In the history of the world, nations have arisen from comparative obscurity, have occupied positions of eminence and power, and have then sunk into obscurity again. The Egyptians, who built their pyramids and temples by the hands of the peoples they had conquered in war and enslaved, were themselves conquered by Greeks; and these conquerors, at first ignorant and savage, developed on the bases of Eastern and Egyptian civilisation to a point never before reached. But the Greeks in their turn were replaced by the younger Latin race, who were also at first less civilised than the nations they conquered. The Romans then developed and established an empire, which men believed would be everlasting, but it, too, disappeared, to give place to the Teutonic states of modern Europe. So strikingly alike in their progression have been the histories of the peoples of the past that it is quite a commonplace to hear the life of a nation compared to that of a man as being a history of growth, maturity and decay. But the analogy is at most a very imperfect one, and, if content with having made it, we leave the subject, we shall fail to note the real facts of racial development as indicated in the pages of history.